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Foundations Week 2 > TCA cycle > Flashcards

TCA cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Acetyl CoA is generated in these 5 oxidation pathways

A

fatty acids, glucose, amino acids acetate and ketone bodies

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2
Q

THE substrate for the TCA cycle

A

Acetyl CoA

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3
Q

Oxidation of 2 carbon acetyl group energy is conserved as ____, _____, and ____.

A

NADH, FAD(2H) and GTP

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4
Q

TCA generates energy via ____ _____.

A

cellular respiration

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5
Q

Oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by this complex

A

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

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6
Q

coenzymes of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

A

TPP, lipoate and FAD

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7
Q

alpha-ketogluturate dehydrogenase complex is anlagous to this complex of glycolysis

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

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8
Q

This substrate is used and regenerated in each turn of the cycle

A

Oxaloacetate

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9
Q

When cells use intermediates of TCA or biosythetic rxns, the carbons must be replaced by anaplerotic rxns like this

A

pyruvate carboxylase reaction

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10
Q

anaplerotic definiton

A

filling-up

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11
Q

Where TCA cycle occurs

A

mitochondrion

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12
Q

Flux of RCA is coordinated with the rate of these 2 things

A

electron-transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

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13
Q

This reflects demand for ATP in TCA cycle

A

feedback

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14
Q

Change the rate of ATP utilization

A

response of enzyme to ADP, NADH/NAD+ ratio, rate of FAD(2H) oxidation [Ca2+]

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15
Q

2 consequences of impaired TCA cycle

A
  1. inability to generate ATP from fuel oxidation 2. accumulation of TCA cycle precursors
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16
Q

most common cause of impaired function of the TCA cycle

A

lack of oxygen to accept electrons in electron-transport chain

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17
Q

this DNA is not bound to histones in a chromatin structure

A

mitochondrial DNA

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18
Q

within each cell there is multiple ______ and each of these also has multiple copies of this_____.

A

mitochondria, genome

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19
Q

mitochondria diseases

A

diminshed capactity to create energy, neuro problems (seizures, MR, epilepsy), progressive diseases

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20
Q

elevated ROS production found in these diseases

A

cancer and diabetes

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21
Q

2 carbons into TCA yieds

A

2 CO2

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22
Q

this enzyme links glycolysis to the TCA cycle

A

PDH

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23
Q

protein transport that transports pyruvate into the mitochondria

A

mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC)

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24
Q

number of subunits in puruvate dehydrogenase

A

4

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25
Q

acitivator of PDH kinase

A

acetyl CoA NADH

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26
Q

inhibitor of PDH kinase

A

pyruvate ADP

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27
Q

activates PDH phosphatase

A

Ca 2+

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28
Q

oxaloacet + acetyl CoA –> citrate, enzyme?

A

citrate synthase (4C + 2C = 6C)

29
Q

succinate dehydrogenase oxidizes succiate making this and reducing this substrate

A

double C bond, FAD

30
Q

tumor supressor enzyme

A

SDH

31
Q

net result of TCA

A

3 NADH + H+, 1 FAD(2H) + 1 GTP = 10 ATP

32
Q

amine transfer cofactor

A

PLP

33
Q

rxn in TCA that have positive delta g

A

malate –> oxaloacetate, citrate –>isocitrate

34
Q

irreversible reactions of TCA cycle

A

those catalyzed by citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

35
Q

ratio of citrate to isocitrate

A

20:01

36
Q

source of acetyl CoA

A

beta oxidation of fa, ketone bodies, acetate, glucose, alanine and serine, leucine and isoleucine

37
Q

major anaplerotic enzymes in cell

A

pyruvate carboxylase

38
Q

only enzyme embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

succinate dehydrogenase

39
Q

extreme muscle pain during exertion, lack of ammonia build-up, mutation on the gene coding of muscle specific AMPD1 isoform of AMP deaminase

A

myoadenylate deaminase deficiency

40
Q

TCA cylcle product that enters the electron transport chain

A

NADH

41
Q

electron flow in the chain Hydrogen to this location

A

intermembrane space

42
Q

complex order ETC w/NADH

A

I, III, IV

43
Q

complex order Etc w/FAD

A

II, III, IV

44
Q

Oxidation of one NADH pumps this many protons

A

4

45
Q

major source of ROS

A

CoQ to molecular oxygen

46
Q

complex I, # protons

A

nADH dehydrogenase, 4

47
Q

complex III, # protons

A

cytochrome b-c1 complex, 4

48
Q

complex Iv, # protons

A

cytochrome c oxidase, 2

49
Q

product of etc

A

water

50
Q

complex II, # protons

A

succinate dehyrogenase, 0

51
Q

protons pumped NADH, FAD

A

10, 6

52
Q

twelve protons complete one turn of rotos and generate ?

A

3 ATP

53
Q

of alpha beta pairs in stalk of ATP synthase

A

3

54
Q

excess energy from NADH –> H20

A

used to make use warm blooded

55
Q

when electron transport stops

A

at rest, ATP to ADP is high, no final acceptor of electron (no oxygen)

56
Q

this proton channel allows fat to be used for heat

A

UCP1 (thermogenin, uncoupling protein)

57
Q

chemical uncoupler used to lose weight

A

DNP (dinitrophenol)

58
Q

energy for transport across inner mitochondrial membrane comes from

A

electrochemical and pH gradient

59
Q

3 basic type of transporters

A

antiporters, symporters, uniporters

60
Q

mitochondrial permeability transition pore is brought on by this

A

hypoxia

61
Q

block complex I

A

pesticide, barbituate

62
Q

block complex III

A

antimycin A

63
Q

block complex IV

A

cyanide, CO, Azide

64
Q

Block complex V

A

Oligomycin

65
Q

Block mitochondrial DNA replication

A

AZT

66
Q

PDH subunits

A

e1-pyruvate decarboxylase(TPP)
E2-transacetylase (lipoate)
E3-dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (NAD+,FAD)
X-transacetylase(Co-ASH)

67
Q

Anaplerotic reaction to make oxaloacetate.

A

Pyruvate via pyruvate carboxylase. Activated by acetyl coA

68
Q

disease characterized by inability to control movements, seizures etc

A

leigh’s disease

69
Q

cause of leigh’s disease

A

inherited mutation in the gene encoding E1alpha subunit of PDH

Foundations Week 2 (6 decks)

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