cell biology Flashcards by Mindi Kvaal Anderson

diseases of faulty cell membranes

cystic fibrosis, duchenne muscular dystrohohy, spherocytosis

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make up the bulk of membrane lipid

phospholipid, sterol

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purpose of cholesterol in membrane

stiffens membrance, reduces permeability, resists phase change

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purpose of glycoplipids

protection, cell id, cell adhesion

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flips phospholipids randomly in ER

scramblase

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flips phospholipid specifically

Flippase

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maintains a neg charge inside and flips to outside to signal apoptosis

phosphatidyl serine

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lipids and proteins in domains with longer tails, involved in signaling

lipid rafts

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membrane proteins that are transmembrane

alpha helices and beta barrels

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membrane proteins associated with sugar groups

glycocalyx

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signal for ER association

ER signal sequence

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recognizes the ER signal sequence

signal recognizing protein

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translocater

allows protein to be synthesized into the membrane

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orientation of this determines whether the protein is single or multi pass

start/stop sequences

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glycosylation links one of these places

N (asparagine) or O-linked (attach at serine or threonine)

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heavily glycosylated proteins

proteoglycans

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where O linked glycosylation occurs

Golgi or extracellualr matrix

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function of glycosylation of protein

protein folding, sorting & transport, protection, cell signal

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fate of misfolded proteins

ubiquinated

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these destroy misfolded proteins

proteosomes

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location of phospholipid and cholesterial synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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regulate ER

Ca++

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location of detoxification by whom

Smooth ER by cytochrome p450 enzymes

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mitochondria reproduce via this method

fission and fusion

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mitochondria membrane contains a lot of this

cardiolipin

how motichondrial genes get into the mito

signal sequence routes them

function of peroxisomes

produce and remove peroxides, detox, beta oxidation of fa

acts as protection of chromatin

nucleur envelope

membrane of these 2 organelles are continous

ER and membrane

provides attacehment sites for specific spots on chromosomes

nuclear matrix

MAR and SAR

matrix or scaffold attachment regions

involves rRNA, and ribosomal proteins

nucleolus

clusters of rRNA genes

nucleolar organizing regions

nuclear pores allow molecules this size through

<5000 Daltons

nuclear proteins are synthesized here

cytoplasm, transport back to nucleus

nuclear localization signals are rich in this amino acid

lysine

transport nuclear proteins

Ran - a G-protein

add sugar one at a time

glycosyl transferase

chain of repeating disaccharide

GAG (glycosaminoglycan)

defective chloride transporters

cystic fibrosis

series of flattened cisternae along w/membranous tabules

Golgi

golgi cis face

receives product form the ER

golgi trans face

releases packaged protein and lipid from this side

mebrane trafficking occurs here

ER, Golgi, lysosome and plasma membrane

functin of Golgi

receive products from ER, return proteins to ER, modify glycoproteins, sulfation , glycolipid and sphingomyelin production

COPI

Golgi --> ER

COPII

ER--> Golgi

membrane proteins that bind together

SNARES (v & t)

tethering proteins

Rabs

uncoated plasma membrane

caveolin

membrane enclosed compartments filled with hydrolytic enzymes

lysosomes

engulfement of large particules into large endosome

phagocytosis

coated endocytotic vesicles

clathrin

2 chains of clathrin

light and heavy chain

assembly of clathrin into a basket shape

triskelion

transporter of the outer mitochondrial membrane

TOM

transporter of the inner mitochondrial membrane

TIM

transports proteins synthesized in the matrix outward.

OXA

lipids removed from the ER put into mitochondria

mitochondrial biogenesis

matrix

scaffolding made up of lamins and proteins

nuclear pore complexes

transport small molecules

Ran-GFF

exchange factor

Ran GAP

activation protein

fucntion of microfilaments

support/organize plasma membrane, cell shape, cell division,

example of microfilament

actin

function of microtubules

organize cytoplasm, intracellular transport, cell division, cilia/flagellae motility

Intermediate filaments function

strengthen cytoplasm, support nucleus, epidermal appendages

example of microtubules

tubulin

tubulin types

alpha, beta and gamma

of intermediate filament proteins

over 50

what regulates polymerization

phosphorylation

growing filaments use this

GTP

shrinking filament have this

GDP

these proteins arrest elongation of actin

capping

matrix bottom to top

collagen, laminin, integrin, plectin, keratin