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Foundations Week 2 > cell biology > Flashcards

cell biology Flashcards

1
Q

diseases of faulty cell membranes

A

cystic fibrosis, duchenne muscular dystrohohy, spherocytosis

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2
Q

make up the bulk of membrane lipid

A

phospholipid, sterol

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3
Q

purpose of cholesterol in membrane

A

stiffens membrance, reduces permeability, resists phase change

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4
Q

purpose of glycoplipids

A

protection, cell id, cell adhesion

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5
Q

flips phospholipids randomly in ER

A

scramblase

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6
Q

flips phospholipid specifically

A

Flippase

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7
Q

maintains a neg charge inside and flips to outside to signal apoptosis

A

phosphatidyl serine

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8
Q

lipids and proteins in domains with longer tails, involved in signaling

A

lipid rafts

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9
Q

membrane proteins that are transmembrane

A

alpha helices and beta barrels

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10
Q

membrane proteins associated with sugar groups

A

glycocalyx

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11
Q

signal for ER association

A

ER signal sequence

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12
Q

recognizes the ER signal sequence

A

signal recognizing protein

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13
Q

translocater

A

allows protein to be synthesized into the membrane

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14
Q

orientation of this determines whether the protein is single or multi pass

A

start/stop sequences

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15
Q

glycosylation links one of these places

A

N (asparagine) or O-linked (attach at serine or threonine)

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16
Q

heavily glycosylated proteins

A

proteoglycans

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17
Q

where O linked glycosylation occurs

A

Golgi or extracellualr matrix

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18
Q

function of glycosylation of protein

A

protein folding, sorting & transport, protection, cell signal

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19
Q

fate of misfolded proteins

A

ubiquinated

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20
Q

these destroy misfolded proteins

A

proteosomes

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21
Q

location of phospholipid and cholesterial synthesis

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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22
Q

regulate ER

A

Ca++

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23
Q

location of detoxification by whom

A

Smooth ER by cytochrome p450 enzymes

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24
Q

mitochondria reproduce via this method

A

fission and fusion

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25
Q

mitochondria membrane contains a lot of this

A

cardiolipin

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26
Q

how motichondrial genes get into the mito

A

signal sequence routes them

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27
Q

function of peroxisomes

A

produce and remove peroxides, detox, beta oxidation of fa

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28
Q

acts as protection of chromatin

A

nucleur envelope

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29
Q

membrane of these 2 organelles are continous

A

ER and membrane

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30
Q

provides attacehment sites for specific spots on chromosomes

A

nuclear matrix

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31
Q

MAR and SAR

A

matrix or scaffold attachment regions

32
Q

involves rRNA, and ribosomal proteins

A

nucleolus

33
Q

clusters of rRNA genes

A

nucleolar organizing regions

34
Q

nuclear pores allow molecules this size through

A

<5000 Daltons

35
Q

nuclear proteins are synthesized here

A

cytoplasm, transport back to nucleus

36
Q

nuclear localization signals are rich in this amino acid

A

lysine

37
Q

transport nuclear proteins

A

Ran - a G-protein

38
Q

add sugar one at a time

A

glycosyl transferase

39
Q

chain of repeating disaccharide

A

GAG (glycosaminoglycan)

40
Q

defective chloride transporters

A

cystic fibrosis

41
Q

series of flattened cisternae along w/membranous tabules

A

Golgi

42
Q

golgi cis face

A

receives product form the ER

43
Q

golgi trans face

A

releases packaged protein and lipid from this side

44
Q

mebrane trafficking occurs here

A

ER, Golgi, lysosome and plasma membrane

45
Q

functin of Golgi

A

receive products from ER, return proteins to ER, modify glycoproteins, sulfation , glycolipid and sphingomyelin production

46
Q

COPI

A

Golgi –> ER

47
Q

COPII

A

ER–> Golgi

48
Q

membrane proteins that bind together

A

SNARES (v & t)

49
Q

tethering proteins

A

Rabs

50
Q

uncoated plasma membrane

A

caveolin

51
Q

membrane enclosed compartments filled with hydrolytic enzymes

A

lysosomes

52
Q

engulfement of large particules into large endosome

A

phagocytosis

53
Q

coated endocytotic vesicles

A

clathrin

54
Q

2 chains of clathrin

A

light and heavy chain

55
Q

assembly of clathrin into a basket shape

A

triskelion

56
Q

transporter of the outer mitochondrial membrane

A

TOM

57
Q

transporter of the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

TIM

58
Q

transports proteins synthesized in the matrix outward.

A

OXA

59
Q

lipids removed from the ER put into mitochondria

A

mitochondrial biogenesis

60
Q

matrix

A

scaffolding made up of lamins and proteins

61
Q

nuclear pore complexes

A

transport small molecules

62
Q

Ran-GFF

A

exchange factor

63
Q

Ran GAP

A

activation protein

64
Q

fucntion of microfilaments

A

support/organize plasma membrane, cell shape, cell division,

65
Q

example of microfilament

A

actin

66
Q

function of microtubules

A

organize cytoplasm, intracellular transport, cell division, cilia/flagellae motility

67
Q

Intermediate filaments function

A

strengthen cytoplasm, support nucleus, epidermal appendages

68
Q

example of microtubules

A

tubulin

69
Q

tubulin types

A

alpha, beta and gamma

70
Q

of intermediate filament proteins

A

over 50

71
Q

what regulates polymerization

A

phosphorylation

72
Q

growing filaments use this

A

GTP

73
Q

shrinking filament have this

A

GDP

74
Q

these proteins arrest elongation of actin

A

capping

75
Q

matrix bottom to top

A

collagen, laminin, integrin, plectin, keratin

Foundations Week 2 (6 decks)

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