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Foundations Week 2 > fatty acid oxidation > Flashcards

fatty acid oxidation Flashcards

1
Q

turnover of fatty acids

A

180 times

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2
Q

struture of fatty acid

A

gylcerol + ester linkage + fatty acids

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3
Q

essential fatty acids

A

arachidonic, linoleic, linolenic

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4
Q

metling point of sat vs. unsat

A

saturated higher

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5
Q

transport of fatty acid traonsported with

A

serum albumin

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6
Q

fat enters cell via this transporter

A

acyl transporter

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7
Q

inhibit fatty acid lipase

A

insulin

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8
Q

promote fatty acd lipase

A

glucagon, epi, norepi

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9
Q

first step of fa synth

A

link to fatty acyl Coa

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10
Q

energy to prep fa to fatty acyl Coa

A

2 ATP

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11
Q

swaps with coA

A

carnitine

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12
Q

catalyzes the beta oxidation of fatty acids

A

fatty acyl CoA synthetase

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13
Q

degradation of glycogen to form glucose

A

glycogenolysis

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14
Q

AMP levels indicate this

A

rate of ATP utilization

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15
Q

2 ADP

A

AMP + ATP

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16
Q

Activator of glycolosis, glycogenolysis, and fatty acid oxidation

A

AMP

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17
Q

cause of lactic acidosis

A

increased NADH/NAD+ ratio

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18
Q

increased NADH prevents this

A

pyruvate oxidation in the TCA cycle

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19
Q

very long chain length fa

A

> C20

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20
Q

long chain FA

A

C12 to C20

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21
Q

med chain fa

A

C6-C12

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22
Q

short chain FA

A

C4

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23
Q

triagylclycerols are bound to these as they circulate through the blood

A

albumin

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24
Q

acitavted acyl group is transported into mitochondrial matrix bound to this

A

caritine

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25
Q

location of the regeneration of fatty acyl CoA

A

mitochondrail matrix

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26
Q

fatty acyl group is oxidized to yield this

A

FAD(2H), NADH and acetyl CoA

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27
Q

water soluble medium changes do not require this____ and are metabolized in here ____

A

carnitine, liver

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28
Q

odd chain length fatty acids are oxidized to this product

A

3-C propionyl CoA

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29
Q

conversion of excess fatty acids may be converted by this process_____ to this product ______

A

omega-oxidation, dicarboxylic acids

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30
Q

very long chain fatty acids are whittled down here____ and create this byproduct____

A

peroxisomes, hydrogen peroxide H2O2

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31
Q

actyl CoA is converted to this product in the liver

A

ketone bodies, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate

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32
Q

hormomonal regulation of adipose tissue

A

lipolysis

33
Q

rate of fa ixidation is linked to the rate of these items

A

NAFH, FAD(2H), and acetyl CoA utilization

34
Q

This deficiency of lipid metabolism cause muscle pain and weakness in adult and irritibiliy, FTT In infants

A

CPT II deficiency

35
Q

most important step of beta oxidation

A

CPT-I

36
Q

product of carntine + acyl CoA, enzyme used, by product

A

Fatty acyclcarnitin, CPT I, CoASH

37
Q

of carbons of fa chain oxidized ro acetyl-CoA per cycle

A

2

38
Q

Four steps fo each beta oxidation cycle

A

Oxidation, hydration, oxidation, C-C cleavage

39
Q

alpha, beta, omega carbon locations

A

first, second and furthest

40
Q

energy yield of 4 steps of beta oxidation

A

14 ATP (1.5 FAD 2.5 NAD, 10 Ac-CoA)

41
Q

this deficiency prevents the synthesis of trans-delta2-Enoyl-CoA and the use of fa to generate ATP

A

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

42
Q

Jamaican vomiting sickness is induced by this fruit and inhibits this enzyme

A

ackee fruit (hypoglycin in unripe berries), Acyl-CoA-Dehydrogenase

43
Q

enoyl CoA converts these bonds in dietary unsaturated fats

A

cis double bonds to trans

44
Q

this enzyme can only accept substrates with trans double bonds

A

Enoyl-CoA hydratase

45
Q

Compare the oxidation fo unsaturdated and saturated fatty acids

A

less energy in unsaturated fatty acids

46
Q

beta oxidation occurs until this # of carbons

A

5

47
Q

carbon fatty acids are split into these 2 products via this enzyme

A

acetyl Coa and propionyl, thiolase

48
Q

first step of very long fa oxidate creates this

A

H2O2

49
Q

even chain fatty acids are reduced to this # C and then are transferred to the _____

A

4-6 , mitochondria

50
Q

fa can be metabolized in this location when there is a defect in beta-oxidation

A

endoplasmic reticulum

51
Q

these enzymes oxidize the omega terminal carbon

A

Cytochrome P450

52
Q

liver makes this if glycogen is depleted

A

ketone bodies

53
Q

increased levels of fa beta-oxidation in the liver result in a lot of this

A

NADH+ H- and acetyl CoA

54
Q

elevated NADH+H- drives the TCA cycle backwards which converts this

A

oxaloacetate to malate

55
Q

this is expelled through the lungs during ketoacidiosis

A

acetone

56
Q

ketoacidosis is caused by this

A

starvation and diabetes

57
Q

absence of ketone bodies indicate this deficiency

A

medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD)

58
Q

this product inhibits CPT I

A

malonyl CoA

59
Q

1st step of FA oxidation

A

links a CoA (acyl-CoA ester)

60
Q

This enzyme helps regulate the CPT I transferase

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

61
Q

4 steps of beta oxidation

A

oxidation, hydration, oxidation, C-C bond cleavage

62
Q

ATP from on Acetyl-CoA

A

10 ATP

63
Q

first step of beta-oxidation enzyme, cofactor and product

A

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, FAD, trans-delat2-Enoyl-Coa

64
Q

2nd step makes this product using enoyl-CoA hydratase enzyme

A

alcohol (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA)

65
Q

3rd step of beta oxidation oxides alcohol and uses this cofactor

A

NAD+

66
Q

final enzyme of beta oxidation creates a fatty acid chain and Acetyl CoA

A

Tholase

67
Q

Enzyme that uses FAD as a cofactor and is a redox reduction important in fa oxidation

A

Acyl Co-A dehydrogenase

68
Q

converts cis bonds to trans bonds

A

Enoyl CoA isomerase

69
Q

odd number chains produce this

A

propionyl CoA

70
Q

Prioponyl CoA uses this cofactor to produce methylmalonyl CoA

A

Biotin

71
Q

cofactor involved with methyl transfer

A

cobalamin

72
Q

Propionyl CoA doe make energy but is used for this purpose

A

Increae capacity of the TCA cycle

73
Q

the product of omega oxidation is broken down and excreted in urine

A

Dicarboxyl

74
Q

Increased beta oxidation creates a lot of these products

A

Ac-CoA and NADH

75
Q

excess NADH drives the TCA cycle backwards, converting this

A

oxaloaceate backwards to malate

76
Q

ketone bodies are created from 2 of these molecules

A

acetyl CoA

77
Q

Excess acetoacetate has this effect on blood pH

A

Drops pH due to excessive protons

78
Q

increase in omega oxidation creates this

A

increase of dicarboxylic acids in blood

Foundations Week 2 (6 decks)

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