fatty acid oxidation Flashcards
1
Q
turnover of fatty acids
A
180 times
2
Q
struture of fatty acid
A
gylcerol + ester linkage + fatty acids
3
Q
essential fatty acids
A
arachidonic, linoleic, linolenic
4
Q
metling point of sat vs. unsat
A
saturated higher
5
Q
transport of fatty acid traonsported with
A
serum albumin
6
Q
fat enters cell via this transporter
A
acyl transporter
7
Q
inhibit fatty acid lipase
A
insulin
8
Q
promote fatty acd lipase
A
glucagon, epi, norepi
9
Q
first step of fa synth
A
link to fatty acyl Coa
10
Q
energy to prep fa to fatty acyl Coa
A
2 ATP
11
Q
swaps with coA
A
carnitine
12
Q
catalyzes the beta oxidation of fatty acids
A
fatty acyl CoA synthetase
13
Q
degradation of glycogen to form glucose
A
glycogenolysis
14
Q
AMP levels indicate this
A
rate of ATP utilization
15
Q
2 ADP
A
AMP + ATP
16
Q
Activator of glycolosis, glycogenolysis, and fatty acid oxidation
A
AMP
17
Q
cause of lactic acidosis
A
increased NADH/NAD+ ratio
18
Q
increased NADH prevents this
A
pyruvate oxidation in the TCA cycle
19
Q
very long chain length fa
A
> C20
20
Q
long chain FA
A
C12 to C20
21
Q
med chain fa
A
C6-C12
22
Q
short chain FA
A
C4
23
Q
triagylclycerols are bound to these as they circulate through the blood
A
albumin
24
Q
acitavted acyl group is transported into mitochondrial matrix bound to this
A
caritine
25
location of the regeneration of fatty acyl CoA
mitochondrail matrix
26
fatty acyl group is oxidized to yield this
FAD(2H), NADH and acetyl CoA
27
water soluble medium changes do not require this____ and are metabolized in here ____
carnitine, liver
28
odd chain length fatty acids are oxidized to this product
3-C propionyl CoA
29
conversion of excess fatty acids may be converted by this process_____ to this product ______
omega-oxidation, dicarboxylic acids
30
very long chain fatty acids are whittled down here____ and create this byproduct____
peroxisomes, hydrogen peroxide H2O2
31
actyl CoA is converted to this product in the liver
ketone bodies, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate
32
hormomonal regulation of adipose tissue
lipolysis
33
rate of fa ixidation is linked to the rate of these items
NAFH, FAD(2H), and acetyl CoA utilization
34
This deficiency of lipid metabolism cause muscle pain and weakness in adult and irritibiliy, FTT In infants
CPT II deficiency
35
most important step of beta oxidation
CPT-I
36
product of carntine + acyl CoA, enzyme used, by product
Fatty acyclcarnitin, CPT I, CoASH
37
of carbons of fa chain oxidized ro acetyl-CoA per cycle
2
38
Four steps fo each beta oxidation cycle
Oxidation, hydration, oxidation, C-C cleavage
39
alpha, beta, omega carbon locations
first, second and furthest
40
energy yield of 4 steps of beta oxidation
14 ATP (1.5 FAD 2.5 NAD, 10 Ac-CoA)
41
this deficiency prevents the synthesis of trans-delta2-Enoyl-CoA and the use of fa to generate ATP
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
42
Jamaican vomiting sickness is induced by this fruit and inhibits this enzyme
ackee fruit (hypoglycin in unripe berries), Acyl-CoA-Dehydrogenase
43
enoyl CoA converts these bonds in dietary unsaturated fats
cis double bonds to trans
44
this enzyme can only accept substrates with trans double bonds
Enoyl-CoA hydratase
45
Compare the oxidation fo unsaturdated and saturated fatty acids
less energy in unsaturated fatty acids
46
beta oxidation occurs until this # of carbons
5
47
carbon fatty acids are split into these 2 products via this enzyme
acetyl Coa and propionyl, thiolase
48
first step of very long fa oxidate creates this
H2O2
49
even chain fatty acids are reduced to this # C and then are transferred to the _____
4-6 , mitochondria
50
fa can be metabolized in this location when there is a defect in beta-oxidation
endoplasmic reticulum
51
these enzymes oxidize the omega terminal carbon
Cytochrome P450
52
liver makes this if glycogen is depleted
ketone bodies
53
increased levels of fa beta-oxidation in the liver result in a lot of this
NADH+ H- and acetyl CoA
54
elevated NADH+H- drives the TCA cycle backwards which converts this
oxaloacetate to malate
55
this is expelled through the lungs during ketoacidiosis
acetone
56
ketoacidosis is caused by this
starvation and diabetes
57
absence of ketone bodies indicate this deficiency
medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD)
58
this product inhibits CPT I
malonyl CoA
59
1st step of FA oxidation
links a CoA (acyl-CoA ester)
60
This enzyme helps regulate the CPT I transferase
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
61
4 steps of beta oxidation
oxidation, hydration, oxidation, C-C bond cleavage
62
ATP from on Acetyl-CoA
10 ATP
63
first step of beta-oxidation enzyme, cofactor and product
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, FAD, trans-delat2-Enoyl-Coa
64
2nd step makes this product using enoyl-CoA hydratase enzyme
alcohol (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA)
65
3rd step of beta oxidation oxides alcohol and uses this cofactor
NAD+
66
final enzyme of beta oxidation creates a fatty acid chain and Acetyl CoA
Tholase
67
Enzyme that uses FAD as a cofactor and is a redox reduction important in fa oxidation
Acyl Co-A dehydrogenase
68
converts cis bonds to trans bonds
Enoyl CoA isomerase
69
odd number chains produce this
propionyl CoA
70
Prioponyl CoA uses this cofactor to produce methylmalonyl CoA
Biotin
71
cofactor involved with methyl transfer
cobalamin
72
Propionyl CoA doe make energy but is used for this purpose
Increae capacity of the TCA cycle
73
the product of omega oxidation is broken down and excreted in urine
Dicarboxyl
74
Increased beta oxidation creates a lot of these products
Ac-CoA and NADH
75
excess NADH drives the TCA cycle backwards, converting this
oxaloaceate backwards to malate
76
ketone bodies are created from 2 of these molecules
acetyl CoA
77
Excess acetoacetate has this effect on blood pH
Drops pH due to excessive protons
78
increase in omega oxidation creates this
increase of dicarboxylic acids in blood
