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TCA Flashcards

0
Q

What is congenital lactic acidosis?

A

Mutation in pyruvate dehydrogenase leading to accumulation of lactate

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1
Q

Pyruvate is made into Acetyl CoA by?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

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2
Q

How is pyuvate dehydrogenase regulated?

A

Positive: ADP
Negative: NADH and Acetyl CoA
Kinase and Phosphotase phosphorylate and dephos respectively

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3
Q

T or F: Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA is irreversible

A

T

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4
Q

Phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase is active or inactive?

A

Inactive

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5
Q

Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA produces?

A

CO2 and NADH+H

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6
Q

Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA is called what type of reaction?

A

Oxidative decarboxylation

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7
Q

T or F: Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation is regulated by cAMP pathways

A

F

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8
Q

Name the 5 cofactors required for Pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

CoA, TPP (Thiamine pyrophosphate), Lipoic acid, FAD, and NAD+

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9
Q

Describe the structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

2 active sites, 2 regulatory sites, and 5 cofactors (very complex)

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10
Q

TCA: Acetyl CoA feeds in and?

A

Citrate synthase combines oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA into Citrate losing CoASH and consuming water in an oxidative decarboxylation step

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11
Q

TCA: Citrate is…

A

Made into isocitrate by acontiase

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12
Q

TCA: Citrate to Isocitrate is a reversible reaction. T or F?

A

T

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13
Q

TCA: Isocitrate is…

A

Made to Alpha-Ketoglutarate via isocitrate dehydrogenase. Produces a NADH +H and CO2

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14
Q

TCA: Which step in the cycle is most highly regulated?

A

Isocitrate to Alpha-ketoglutarate

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15
Q

TCA: Alpha-ketoglutarate is…

A

Oxidatively decarboxylated by Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase to made succinyl CoA consuming CoASH and producing NADH +H and CO2

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16
Q

T or F: Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is regulated by the same 5 cofactors as pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

T

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17
Q

T or F: GTP and ATP are equivalent

A

T

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18
Q

TCA: Succinyl CoA is…

A

Made into succinate by succinate thiokinase producing GTP and CoASH

19
Q

What step in TCA involves substrate level phosphorylation?

A

Succinyl CoA to Succinate

20
Q

Succinate thiokinase is also called?

A

Succinyl CoA synthetase

21
Q

T or F: The TCA cycle has a net gain of carbon

22
Q

TCA: Succinate is…

A

Succinate dehydrogenase makes Fumarate and produces FADH2

23
Q

What is another name for succinate dehydrogenase?

A

Complex II

24
Q

TCA: Fumarate is…

A

Converted to Malate by consuming H20 via Fumarase

25
Q

TCA: Malate is…

A

Converted to Oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase to produce NADH +H

26
Q

Which steps of TCA made NADH+H?

A

Isocitrate to Alpha-ketoglutarate (isocitrate dehydrogenase); Alpha-ketogluarate to Succinyl CoA (Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase); Malate to Oxaloacetate (malate dehydrogenase).

27
Q

FADH2 is produced in what step of TCA?

A

Succinate to Fumarate via Succinate dehydrogenase

28
Q

TCA: Water is consumed at what steps?

A

Fumarate to Malate (fumarase); Oxaloacetate and Acetyl CoA to Citrate via citrate synthase

29
Q

TCA: CO2 is produced at what steps?

A

Isocitrate to Alpha-ketoglutarate (isocitrate dehydrogenase); Alpha -ketoglutarate to Succinyl CoA (Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase)

30
Q

TCA: Which step produces substrate level phosphorylation?

A

Sucicnyl CoA to Succinate (Succinate thiokinase)

31
Q

How many revolutions of TCA occur per glucose?

32
Q

Name the 5 sources for acetyl CoA?

A

Acetate, Pyruvate (glucose), Fatty acid, ketone bodies, amino acids

33
Q

What is the net reaction for TCA?

A

Acetyl CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + P +2 H20 = 2 CO2 +CoASH + 3NADH +3 H+ + FAD2H + GTP

34
Q

What does anapleurotic mean?

A

Reactions that fill up (replenish the TCA intermediates)

35
Q

Oxaloacetate is replenished by?

A

AA and Pyruvate plus CO2

36
Q

Citrate is siphoned to?

A

Fatty acids and cholesterol

37
Q

Alpha-ketoglutarate is replenished by?

38
Q

Succinyl CoA is siphoned and replenished by?

A

Siphoned to make porphyrins

Replenished by isoleucine, methionine, valine, and odd chain fatty acids

39
Q

Fumarate is replenished by?

A

Asparate, phenylalanine, tyrosine

40
Q

Malate is siphoned to make?

41
Q

Citrate synthestase is inhibited by?

42
Q

Isocitrate dehydrogenase is regulated by?

A

Positive: ADP and Ca+2
Negative: NADH and ATP

43
Q

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is regulated by?

A

Negative: NADH and Succinyl CoA
Positive: Ca+2

44
Q

What are the three irreversible steps of TCA?

A

Isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate, Acetyl-CoA feed in, Alpha-ketoglutarate to Succinyl CoA

45
Q

Which is the only enzyme for TCA not free in the mitochondrial matrix?

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

Biochemistry-Exam 2 (14 decks)

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