TBL 8 Flashcards
how does the overall process of DC getting to the lymph node work ?
what are the roles of Th1 cells?
what signals activate them, and what do AB do they produce?
what type of pathogens are killed
what are the roles Th2 cells?
what signals activate them, and what do they produce?
with what AB can we block the action of this cell?
Dupe makes feel better when I have allergies x4!!
what are the roles Th17 cells?
what signals activate them, and what do they produce?
with what AB can we block the action of this cell?
clinical correlation?
Il 6, TNF beta, IL-23 differentiate these cells
RORyT = transcription factor
for extracellular pathogens
what are the roles Tfh cells?
what signals activate them, and what do they produce?
produces long immunological memory!
what are the roles Treg cells?
what signals activate them, and what do they produce?
what are the major mechanism of killing for CD8+?
“CD8 T cells ‘PFC’ the kill: Perforin, Fas-FasL, Cytokines.”
P stands for Perforin (which allows Granzyme entry).
F stands for Fas-FasL (the death receptor pathway).
C stands for Cytokines (such as TNF-α and IFN-γ).
By remembering “PFC,” which can stand for “Protective Forces of Cytotoxicity,”
central memory T cells vs effector memory T cells?
how does CCR7 and CCR5 play a role
which one contributes to the activation of B cells
cental tolerance vs peripheral tolerance?
what TF induces the tissue expression protein in the thymus?
what are the modes of killing in the peripheral tolerance?
peripheral tolerance is A TAP away!
what are the modes of killing in the peripheral tolerance? in deatail
immune privilage locations dont trigger immune response because mode of killing is very specific.
When infection has been cleared, the B and T cells must be cleared so they dont cause damage. How is that done with T cell?
How does Fas- FasL help attenuate the T cell response after infection has been cleared?
How does PD1-PD1L help attenuate the T cell response after infection has been cleared?
what does PD-1 inbit ?
and why is PD1L a problem?
what drugs can block PD1L?
T cell will die because it is the one receiving the ligand signal.
cancer cells express PD1L so they produce apotosis of T cells, so they dont get killed
what drugs can block PD1?
Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab
what are the immune checkpoint proteins ?
PD1 and CTLA-4
because they block activation of T cells
How does CTLA-4-B7 interaction help attenuate the response of T cells?
what drug is an analog of CTLA-4?
CTLA-4 normally competes with CD28 for binding to CD80/CD86, preventing T cell activation, and abatacept mimics this function.
Aba and Bela take the brake!!
(belatacept -also to supress)
How does Cbl-B and T regulatory cells help attenuate the response of T cells?
Cbl-B —- CD3 and TCR get ubiquinized
Treg; make TNF beta and IL-10 which supress immune system
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID):
DiGeorge Syndrome
gene
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS):
how does the virus enter the cell, through what cell markers?
Familial Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Perforin Deficiency
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS):
proliferatative= fast
CAR-T cell therapy:
Yescarta (axicabtagene)
YES Car!!
What do these drugs do?
Prednisone
mycophenolate mofetil
Tacrolimus, cyclosporin
Tacotruck has cyclo wheels and inhibits T cell activation.
additional immunosupressive agents
- T cell-depleting antibodies: anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (Basiliximab), anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody
- Pooled intravenous IgG (IVIG)
- CTLA-4 Fc fusion protein (Belatacept)
drugs that block Anti-PD1 and Anti-PD1L monoclonal antibodies
For PD-1 (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab):
“PD-1: Nice Person.”**
Ni for Nivolumab.
Pe for Pembrolizumab.
These mAbs block PD-1 on T cells, allowing them to stay activated and fight cancer cells.
For PD-L1 (Durvalumab, Avelumab, Atezolizumab):
“Durable Aves at the Zoo.”**
Dur for Durvalumab.
Ave for Avelumab.
Z for Atezolizumab.
These mAbs block PD-L1 on cancer cells, preventing them from turning off T cells by binding to PD-1.
drug that blocks CTLA-4 to for Melanoma?
Ipilimumab (I=inhibit) (Yervoy)
