Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations of Medicine > TBL 5B General Embryology > Flashcards

TBL 5B General Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilisation usually occurs at the _____ of the uterine tube.

A

ampulla (Widest part of the fallopian tube)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The lateral end of the Fallopian tube has finger-like projections known as _____. These projections help to bring the oocyte into the fallopian tube.

A

fimbria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If the oocyte is not fertilised in the ampulla, it will pass along the fallopian tube into the _______, where it degenerates.

A

uterine cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The plasma membrane of the oocyte is surrounded by a glycoprotein coat known as ___________.

A

zona pellucida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The glycoprotein coat surrounding the plasma membrane of the oocyte, known as zona pellucia, is in turn surrounded by layers of follicular cells known as ________.

A

corona radiata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fertilisation occurs in 3 phases. Rearrange the following.

A) Penetrate zona pellucida

B) Penetrate corona radiata

C) Fusion of plasma membranes of oocyte and sperm.

A
  1. Penetrate corona radiata
  2. Penetrate zona pellucida
  3. Fusion of plasma membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The head of the sperm is covered with ______, which releases hydrolytic enzymes to dissolve the zona pellucida around the egg.

A

acrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During fusion of plasma membranes of the egg and sperm, the ______ and ______ of the sperm remains behind.

A

plasma membrane and mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When the first sperm touches the oocyte, the plasma membrane of the oocyte depolarises. ___________ will release enzymes to cause the zona pellucida to become impenetrable to other sperms. These prevent _______.

A

Cortical granules will release enzymes; preventing polyspermy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Compaction occurs after the __-cell stage, where the blastomeres change their shape to tightly align themselves against each other by tight junctions to form a compact ball of cells.

A

8-cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The 16-cell stage embryo is known as ______.

A

morula (mulberry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Shortly after the morula (___-cell stage) enters the uterine cavity, the fluid from the uterine cavity passes through the zona pellucida to form the __________ in the morula.

A

blastocyst cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At the 16-cell stage, the blastomeres are separated into 2 parts - inner cell mass (known as _________) and outer cell mass known as __________.

A

ICM - embryoblasts

outer cell mass - trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 days after fertilisation, the blastocyst hatches out of the ________, and is ready for implantation.

A

zona pellucida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Implantation refers to the blastocyst attaching itself to the ___________.

A

endometrium epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Once implantation to the endometrium occurs, the trophoblast differentiates into 2 layers - ______ and _______.

A

synctiotrophoblast (outermost layer) and cytotrophoblast (inner layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The ________ of the blastocyst has finger-like projections which penetrate the endometrium of the uterus to implant the blastocyst.

A

synctiotrophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

________ pregnancy refers to blastocyst implant in abnormal locations outside the uterus.

A

Ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In the 2nd week of development, the embryoblast differentiates into 2 layers - _____ and _____. This is known as the formation of bilaminar germ disc from the embryoblast.

A

Epiblast (3rd) and hypoblast (4th)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A cavity known as the ______ then forms between the epiblast and the trophoblast.

A

amniotic cavity (lined by amnioblast cells)

21
Q

Around 9 days after fertilisation, the formation of vacuoles in the _______ takes place. These vacuoles fuse to form larger _______.

A

formation of vacuoles takes place in the syncytiotrophoblat; they fuse to form larger lacunae

22
Q

During the lacunar stage, the formation of ______ membrane also occurs. This membrane is formed by the hypoblasts cells, migrating along the internal aspect of the cytotrophoblast. The blastocyst cavity is now known as the ________/primitive yolk sac.

A

exocoelomic membrane

blastocyst cavity is now known as exocoelomic cavity/yolk sac.

23
Q

At day 12 stage, there is further growth of the __________ erodes the maternal endometrial capillaries. That would result in early uteroplacental circulation. The blood flows into the _____ of the embryo.

A

growth of syncytiotrophoblast; blood flows into the lacuna

24
Q

After early uteroplacental circulation, there is a formation of _______ outside the embryo, which is developed between the cytotrophoblast and the exocoelomic membrane.

The cavity develops within the mesoderm is known as ___________.

A

extraembryonic mesoderm

cavity - extraembryonic coelom

25
Q

The extraembryonic mesoderm is divided into two parts - __________mesoderm and __________ mesoderm.

A

splanchnopleuric mesoderm (covering the yolk sac); somatopleuric mesoderm (Covering the cytotrophoblast)

26
Q

The extraembryonic mesoderm forms a ________, which is connecting the embryo to the trophoblast. This is going to develop into the umbilical cord.

A

connecting stalk

27
Q

At the end of week 2, the lower half of the primitive yolk sac is pinched off the form the ________ yolk sac.

A

secondary yolk sac

28
Q

The first sign of gastrulation is the formation of the _________.

A

primitive streak

29
Q

The primitive streak is formed by the cells of the ______ moving towards the midline, where they accumulate and form the primitive streak.

A

epiblast

30
Q

__________ is the process of forming the three germ layers.

A

Gastrulation

31
Q

(Gastrulation) Some of the epiblast cells displace the hypoblast cells, forming the _______.

A

endoderm

32
Q

(Gastrulation) Other epiblast cells lie between the epiblast and the newly created endoderm, to form _______.

A

mesoderm

33
Q

(Gastrulation) The cells that are remaining in the epiblast form the ______.

A

ectoderm

34
Q

The ________ is formed by the mesodermal cells from the primitive pit, which migrates cranially, and form a median cellular cord. This structure defines the primitive mid line axis of the embryo.

A

notochord

35
Q

The bilaminar prochordal plate is the future (anal/oral) office. It represents the cranial end of the embryo.

A

oral

36
Q

The bilaminar cloacal membrane is the future (anal/oral) office. It represents the caudal end of the embryo.

A

anal

37
Q

The notochord induces the formation of the __________, which gives rise to the brain and spinal cord.

A

neural plate

38
Q

Which embryonic tissue gives rise to the neural plate?

A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm
D. Notochord

A

Answer: A) Ectoderm (neuroectoderm)

39
Q

__________ cells are derived from the neuroectoderm.

These cells give rise to Schwann cells, sensory and autonomic ganglion, adrenal medulla and melanocytes.

A

Neural crest

40
Q

The notochord is formed from (mesoderm/endoderm/ectoderm) tissue.

A

mesoderm

41
Q

________ ectoderm gives rise to epidermis, hair, nails, cutaneous and mammary glands, anterior pituitary gland, enamel of teeth, inner ear and lens.

A

Surface ectoderm

42
Q

Mesoderm will further differentiate to form three layers.

What are these three layers?

A
  1. Paraxial mesoderm
  2. Intermediate mesoderm
  3. Lateral plate mesoderm (which is divided into intraembryonic somatic mesoderm and intraembryonic viscera mesoderm)
43
Q

The ________ mesoderm gives rise to the kidneys and gonads.

A

intermediate mesoderm

44
Q

The paraxial mesoderm are organised into segments known as _________.

A

somites

45
Q

The _______ mesoderm gives rise to the skeleton (except skull), connective tissue, skeletal muscles and dermis of the skin.

A

paraxial

46
Q

The ___________ mesoderm gives rise to connective tissue of viscera and limbs, serous membranes of pleura, pericardium and peritoneum, blood and lymph cells, _________ and lymphatic systems.

A

Lateral plate mesoderm; cardiovascular system

47
Q

The endoderm gives rise to the _________ of gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, urinary bladder and respiratory tract.

A

epithelial lining

48
Q

_________ period refers to the 3rd to 8th week of development post fertilisation.
This refers to the period of organogenesis.

A

Embryonic

49
Q

The __ to __ week of embryo development is the most sensitive to outside factors, such as environmental hazards, pharmaceutical agents and drugs of abuse. (teratogens)

A

3rd to 8th week (embryonic period of organogenesis.)

Foundations of Medicine (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions