TBL 1- Nutrition / Metabolism (Includes Vitamins/Minerals)

Question 1

Micronutrients have to be oxidized to turn into energy, true or false?

Answer 1

False. Only macronutrients have to get oxidized

Question 2

Where can we get iron?

Answer 2

green leafy veg + meat

Question 3

Where can we get Ca2+

Answer 3

green leafy veg + milk/dairy

Question 4

The amoutn of a nuteient 50% of population needs is the ?

Answer 4

Estimater avg requirements (EAR)

Question 5

The EAR + 2 SD = 98% pop’s needs met is the ?

Answer 5

Reccomended daily allowance (RDA)

Question 6

When we don’t have RDA, we estimate how much healthy people would take for nutrients. This si called __

Answer 6

Adequate intake (AI)

Question 7

The UL is a toxic level T/F?

Answer 7

False- its like right b4

Question 8

The vitamin or mineral LOVES iron and does antiox. What is it called + 1 more function

Answer 8

Vitamin C bc it helps iron get absorbed!; makes collagen

Question 9

The main jobs of B vitamins is to…

Answer 9

release energy

Question 10

Vitamin toxicity is associated with which vitamins?

Answer 10

The fat soluble KADE ones

Question 11

The roles of Vit A are…

Answer 11

to see! and to help stem cells differentiate

Question 12

Bones are made by ? What are2 more functions of this vitmain/mineral

Answer 12

Cholcecaciferol (Vit D),

Question 13

What is the role of Vitmain K?

Answer 13

Blood clot

Question 14

What are other names for vitamin K?

Answer 14

phylloquinone, menaquinone

Question 15

Whats the role of Vitamin E? Whats another name for it?

Answer 15

Tocopherol, antioxidant

Question 16

Arabinoflava comes from what not being there?

Answer 16

riboflavin /B2

Question 17

Beriberi comes from what not being there? What else is an issue of this deficiency? and who is susceptible?

Answer 17

thiamin/B1; confabulation; east asians bc white rice

Question 18

Pellagra comes from what not being there?

Answer 18

niacin/B3

Question 19

(overt) Vitamin D loss causes what issues in kids? and adults?

Answer 19

rickets in kids, soft bones in us (malacia)

Question 20

osteoporosis comes from what not being there? What else does calcium cause?

Answer 20

calcium; can also cause rickets or osteomalacia

Question 21

How does one get xeropthalmia?

Answer 21

no vit A

Question 22

How does one get microcytic anemaia what else is caused>?

Answer 22

Iron lost; color of RBCS lost

Question 23

How does one get macro anemia? wat else is dis called

Answer 23

folate (b9), cobalamin (B12)

Question 24

When is iron easier to absrob?

Answer 24

Heme-attached iron

Question 25

Where to get non heme iron?

Answer 25

nurs, veg, grain

Question 26

Where to get heme iron?

Answer 26

meat/seafood

Question 27

Zinc loss issues are??

Answer 27

Impotence, impaired immune, hair loss, and skin lesions.

Question 28

Where to eat zinC? How often to eat and why?

Answer 28

red meat/poulty, dairy, nuts, fortified; every day bc no stored

Question 29

A homeless or alcoholic person would present with ?

Answer 29

B1 /thiamin deficiency= beriberi

Question 30

Beriberi types are

Answer 30

dry/nervois, wet/cardio, baby

Question 31

In alcoholics, beriberi can escalate tooo.. how do we treat it?

Answer 31

wernicke korsakoff; give thiamin and then glucose (bc alcohol induced hypoglycemia)

Question 32

Niacin deficiency affects who in addition to alcoholics?

Answer 32

those takng certain meds or diseased with intestine not absorbing nutrients well

Question 33

What vitamins make AA and nucleotides?

Answer 33

folate & cobalamin

Question 34

What do b9 and b12 deficiency case? but what about if b12 isnt absorbed?

Answer 34

macrocytic anemia; pernicious anemia

Question 35

What are results of scurvy?

Answer 35

weak bones, bleeding gums/under skin, tooth loss, POOR WOUND HEALING

Question 36

Symptons of vit A deficiencty are?

Answer 36

nightblind, not enough tears ->xeropthalmia, keratinizatoin

Question 37

Rickets includes what signs?

Answer 37

beaded ribs, delayed fontanel closing, and bowed legs

Question 38

Our body makes a lot of vit D from? but which population is suceptible to deficiency

Answer 38

cholesterol; older age or hospital or nothern climate (less milk, more inside = less sun)

Question 39

nonovert low vit D is also associated with?

Answer 39

T1 diabetes, cardio issues, cognitive odler, ASTHMA kids

Question 40

Vitamin __ sits in cell membranes to protect from ox stress! Without it __issue happens.

Answer 40

E; hemolytic anemia

Question 41

chronic vt e deficieny causes...

Answer 41

neuromusc issues, impariied speech and seeing

Question 42

When does a preggo mom give her bb vit E? when would premies get it

Answer 42

late 3rd trimerster; after birth

Question 43

CF pts are high risk for what deficiencies?

Answer 43

KADE

Question 44

Gastric bypass pts high risk for what?

Answer 44

Vitamin A, thiamin, folate, cobalamin, CDEK, iron, zinc, calcium deficiencies

Question 45

alcoholics at risk for what deficiencies?

Answer 45

A, thiamin, pyridoxine, folate, CE, prtein energy met

Question 46

Hemmorhaging is bc of what? what r the signs

Answer 46

K deficiency; bruise under skin

Question 47

What cause vit K (secondary) deficiency?

Answer 47

fat malapsorbed, antibiotics

Question 48

why would we give K at birth?

Answer 48

bc newborns cant make K (they dont have the microbes yet) and their intestine is sterile

Question 49

Nicotinic acid deficiency cause:

Answer 49

the 4 d's called pellagra; diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death

Question 50

Chellitis can be seen in __

Answer 50

pyridoxine deficiency

Question 51

Folate deficiency causes

Answer 51

spinda bif and neural tube defects in pregnant women

Question 52

Ataxia and tingling are symptoms of

Answer 52

pernicious anemia resulted from cobalamin deficiency

Question 53

The RQ of carbs is

Answer 53

1

Question 54

The RQ for lipids is

Answer 54

0.7

Question 55

The RQ of proteins is

Answer 55

0.8

Question 56

Anorexia patients are typically ....; they are at risk for....

Answer 56

young, teen,females; osteoporosis, kidney, and <3 damage

Question 57

What is death from kwashiorkor related to especially?

Answer 57

a result of infection

Question 58

Biochemistry-wise kwashiokor and marashmus are different because

Answer 58

kwashiorkor remains in fed state, marasmus remains in starved state

Question 59

Why is protein albumin maybe not the best measure of malnutrition?

Answer 59

there can be other reasons for lower (?) protein albumin

Question 60

Why is there a lack of appetite in kwashiokor?

Answer 60

degradation of enterocytes

Question 61

What is NOT stimulated by insulin: liver glycogenesis, liver glycolysis, brain glucose uptake, muscle glucose

Question 62

Is fatty infiltration of liver in kwashiorkor or marasmus?

Answer 62

kwashiokor