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biochemistry I > TBL 1- Nutrition / Metabolism (Includes Vitamins/Minerals) > Flashcards

TBL 1- Nutrition / Metabolism (Includes Vitamins/Minerals) Flashcards

1
Q

Micronutrients have to be oxidized to turn into energy, true or false?

A

False. Only macronutrients have to get oxidized

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2
Q

Where can we get iron?

A

green leafy veg + meat

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3
Q

Where can we get Ca2+

A

green leafy veg + milk/dairy

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4
Q

The amoutn of a nuteient 50% of population needs is the ?

A

Estimater avg requirements (EAR)

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5
Q

The EAR + 2 SD = 98% pop’s needs met is the ?

A

Reccomended daily allowance (RDA)

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6
Q

When we don’t have RDA, we estimate how much healthy people would take for nutrients. This si called __

A

Adequate intake (AI)

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7
Q

The UL is a toxic level T/F?

A

False- its like right b4

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8
Q

The vitamin or mineral LOVES iron and does antiox. What is it called + 1 more function

A

Vitamin C bc it helps iron get absorbed!; makes collagen

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9
Q

The main jobs of B vitamins is to…

A

release energy

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10
Q

Vitamin toxicity is associated with which vitamins?

A

The fat soluble KADE ones

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11
Q

The roles of Vit A are…

A

to see! and to help stem cells differentiate

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12
Q

Bones are made by ? What are2 more functions of this vitmain/mineral

A

Cholcecaciferol (Vit D),

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13
Q

What is the role of Vitmain K?

A

Blood clot

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14
Q

What are other names for vitamin K?

A

phylloquinone, menaquinone

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15
Q

Whats the role of Vitamin E? Whats another name for it?

A

Tocopherol, antioxidant

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16
Q

Arabinoflava comes from what not being there?

A

riboflavin /B2

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17
Q

Beriberi comes from what not being there? What else is an issue of this deficiency? and who is susceptible?

A

thiamin/B1; confabulation; east asians bc white rice

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18
Q

Pellagra comes from what not being there?

A

niacin/B3

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19
Q

(overt) Vitamin D loss causes what issues in kids? and adults?

A

rickets in kids, soft bones in us (malacia)

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20
Q

osteoporosis comes from what not being there? What else does calcium cause?

A

calcium; can also cause rickets or osteomalacia

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21
Q

How does one get xeropthalmia?

A

no vit A

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22
Q

How does one get microcytic anemaia what else is caused>?

A

Iron lost; color of RBCS lost

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23
Q

How does one get macro anemia? wat else is dis called

A

folate (b9), cobalamin (B12)

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24
Q

When is iron easier to absrob?

A

Heme-attached iron

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25
Q

Where to get non heme iron?

A

nurs, veg, grain

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26
Q

Where to get heme iron?

A

meat/seafood

27
Q

Zinc loss issues are??

A

Impotence, impaired immune, hair loss, and skin lesions.

28
Q

Where to eat zinC? How often to eat and why?

A

red meat/poulty, dairy, nuts, fortified; every day bc no stored

29
Q

A homeless or alcoholic person would present with ?

A

B1 /thiamin deficiency= beriberi

30
Q

Beriberi types are

A

dry/nervois, wet/cardio, baby

31
Q

In alcoholics, beriberi can escalate tooo.. how do we treat it?

A

wernicke korsakoff; give thiamin and then glucose (bc alcohol induced hypoglycemia)

32
Q

Niacin deficiency affects who in addition to alcoholics?

A

those takng certain meds or diseased with intestine not absorbing nutrients well

33
Q

What vitamins make AA and nucleotides?

A

folate & cobalamin

34
Q

What do b9 and b12 deficiency case? but what about if b12 isnt absorbed?

A

macrocytic anemia; pernicious anemia

35
Q

What are results of scurvy?

A

weak bones, bleeding gums/under skin, tooth loss, POOR WOUND HEALING

36
Q

Symptons of vit A deficiencty are?

A

nightblind, not enough tears ->xeropthalmia, keratinizatoin

37
Q

Rickets includes what signs?

A

beaded ribs, delayed fontanel closing, and bowed legs

38
Q

Our body makes a lot of vit D from? but which population is suceptible to deficiency

A

cholesterol; older age or hospital or nothern climate (less milk, more inside = less sun)

39
Q

nonovert low vit D is also associated with?

A

T1 diabetes, cardio issues, cognitive odler, ASTHMA kids

40
Q

Vitamin __ sits in cell membranes to protect from ox stress! Without it __issue happens.

A

E; hemolytic anemia

41
Q

chronic vt e deficieny causes…

A

neuromusc issues, impariied speech and seeing

42
Q

When does a preggo mom give her bb vit E? when would premies get it

A

late 3rd trimerster; after birth

43
Q

CF pts are high risk for what deficiencies?

A

KADE

44
Q

Gastric bypass pts high risk for what?

A

Vitamin A, thiamin, folate, cobalamin, CDEK, iron, zinc, calcium deficiencies

45
Q

alcoholics at risk for what deficiencies?

A

A, thiamin, pyridoxine, folate, CE, prtein energy met

46
Q

Hemmorhaging is bc of what? what r the signs

A

K deficiency; bruise under skin

47
Q

What cause vit K (secondary) deficiency?

A

fat malapsorbed, antibiotics

48
Q

why would we give K at birth?

A

bc newborns cant make K (they dont have the microbes yet) and their intestine is sterile

49
Q

Nicotinic acid deficiency cause:

A

the 4 d’s called pellagra; diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death

50
Q

Chellitis can be seen in __

A

pyridoxine deficiency

51
Q

Folate deficiency causes

A

spinda bif and neural tube defects in pregnant women

52
Q

Ataxia and tingling are symptoms of

A

pernicious anemia resulted from
cobalamin deficiency

53
Q

The RQ of carbs is

A

1

54
Q

The RQ for lipids is

A

0.7

55
Q

The RQ of proteins is

A

0.8

56
Q

Anorexia patients are typically ….; they are at risk for….

A

young, teen,females; osteoporosis, kidney, and <3 damage

57
Q

What is death from kwashiorkor related to especially?

A

a result of infection

58
Q

Biochemistry-wise kwashiokor and marashmus are different because

A

kwashiorkor remains in fed state, marasmus remains in starved state

59
Q

Why is protein albumin maybe not the best measure of malnutrition?

A

there can be other reasons for lower (?) protein albumin

60
Q

Why is there a lack of appetite in kwashiokor?

A

degradation of enterocytes

61
Q

What is NOT stimulated by insulin: liver glycogenesis, liver glycolysis, brain glucose uptake, muscle glucose

A
62
Q

Is fatty infiltration of liver in kwashiorkor or marasmus?

A

kwashiokor

63
Q
A

biochemistry I (11 decks)

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