TBL 1- Nutrition / Metabolism (Includes Vitamins/Minerals) Flashcards
Micronutrients have to be oxidized to turn into energy, true or false?
False. Only macronutrients have to get oxidized
Where can we get iron?
green leafy veg + meat
Where can we get Ca2+
green leafy veg + milk/dairy
The amoutn of a nuteient 50% of population needs is the ?
Estimater avg requirements (EAR)
The EAR + 2 SD = 98% pop’s needs met is the ?
Reccomended daily allowance (RDA)
When we don’t have RDA, we estimate how much healthy people would take for nutrients. This si called __
Adequate intake (AI)
The UL is a toxic level T/F?
False- its like right b4
The vitamin or mineral LOVES iron and does antiox. What is it called + 1 more function
Vitamin C bc it helps iron get absorbed!; makes collagen
The main jobs of B vitamins is to…
release energy
Vitamin toxicity is associated with which vitamins?
The fat soluble KADE ones
The roles of Vit A are…
to see! and to help stem cells differentiate
Bones are made by ? What are2 more functions of this vitmain/mineral
Cholcecaciferol (Vit D),
What is the role of Vitmain K?
Blood clot
What are other names for vitamin K?
phylloquinone, menaquinone
Whats the role of Vitamin E? Whats another name for it?
Tocopherol, antioxidant
Arabinoflava comes from what not being there?
riboflavin /B2
Beriberi comes from what not being there? What else is an issue of this deficiency? and who is susceptible?
thiamin/B1; confabulation; east asians bc white rice
Pellagra comes from what not being there?
niacin/B3
(overt) Vitamin D loss causes what issues in kids? and adults?
rickets in kids, soft bones in us (malacia)
osteoporosis comes from what not being there? What else does calcium cause?
calcium; can also cause rickets or osteomalacia
How does one get xeropthalmia?
no vit A
How does one get microcytic anemaia what else is caused>?
Iron lost; color of RBCS lost
How does one get macro anemia? wat else is dis called
folate (b9), cobalamin (B12)
When is iron easier to absrob?
Heme-attached iron
Where to get non heme iron?
nurs, veg, grain
Where to get heme iron?
meat/seafood
Zinc loss issues are??
Impotence, impaired immune, hair loss, and skin lesions.
Where to eat zinC? How often to eat and why?
red meat/poulty, dairy, nuts, fortified; every day bc no stored
A homeless or alcoholic person would present with ?
B1 /thiamin deficiency= beriberi
Beriberi types are
dry/nervois, wet/cardio, baby
In alcoholics, beriberi can escalate tooo.. how do we treat it?
wernicke korsakoff; give thiamin and then glucose (bc alcohol induced hypoglycemia)
Niacin deficiency affects who in addition to alcoholics?
those takng certain meds or diseased with intestine not absorbing nutrients well
What vitamins make AA and nucleotides?
folate & cobalamin
What do b9 and b12 deficiency case? but what about if b12 isnt absorbed?
macrocytic anemia; pernicious anemia
What are results of scurvy?
weak bones, bleeding gums/under skin, tooth loss, POOR WOUND HEALING
Symptons of vit A deficiencty are?
nightblind, not enough tears ->xeropthalmia, keratinizatoin
Rickets includes what signs?
beaded ribs, delayed fontanel closing, and bowed legs
Our body makes a lot of vit D from? but which population is suceptible to deficiency
cholesterol; older age or hospital or nothern climate (less milk, more inside = less sun)
nonovert low vit D is also associated with?
T1 diabetes, cardio issues, cognitive odler, ASTHMA kids
Vitamin __ sits in cell membranes to protect from ox stress! Without it __issue happens.
E; hemolytic anemia
chronic vt e deficieny causes…
neuromusc issues, impariied speech and seeing
When does a preggo mom give her bb vit E? when would premies get it
late 3rd trimerster; after birth
CF pts are high risk for what deficiencies?
KADE
Gastric bypass pts high risk for what?
Vitamin A, thiamin, folate, cobalamin, CDEK, iron, zinc, calcium deficiencies
alcoholics at risk for what deficiencies?
A, thiamin, pyridoxine, folate, CE, prtein energy met
Hemmorhaging is bc of what? what r the signs
K deficiency; bruise under skin
What cause vit K (secondary) deficiency?
fat malapsorbed, antibiotics
why would we give K at birth?
bc newborns cant make K (they dont have the microbes yet) and their intestine is sterile
Nicotinic acid deficiency cause:
the 4 d’s called pellagra; diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death
Chellitis can be seen in __
pyridoxine deficiency
Folate deficiency causes
spinda bif and neural tube defects in pregnant women
Ataxia and tingling are symptoms of
pernicious anemia resulted from
cobalamin deficiency
The RQ of carbs is
1
The RQ for lipids is
0.7
The RQ of proteins is
0.8
Anorexia patients are typically ….; they are at risk for….
young, teen,females; osteoporosis, kidney, and <3 damage
What is death from kwashiorkor related to especially?
a result of infection
Biochemistry-wise kwashiokor and marashmus are different because
kwashiorkor remains in fed state, marasmus remains in starved state
Why is protein albumin maybe not the best measure of malnutrition?
there can be other reasons for lower (?) protein albumin
Why is there a lack of appetite in kwashiokor?
degradation of enterocytes
What is NOT stimulated by insulin: liver glycogenesis, liver glycolysis, brain glucose uptake, muscle glucose
Is fatty infiltration of liver in kwashiorkor or marasmus?
kwashiokor
