TBI explanation Flashcards
Describe the Pre-frontal cortex role
- houses our personality
- social inhibition control and input of our emotional responses
- decision making/ impulse control, problem solving, attention/concentration
- regulation of aggression impulsive behaviour and dealt with if differs
- 18% volume reduction in frontal lobe = less grey matter (also helps with decision making)
if the pre-frontal cortex is damaged how could this explain criminal behaviour
- can potentially lose your personality and development new ones when fixed
or in Phineas gage’s case, your personality can be 180: from gentlemen to an asshole - your social inhibitions will be lacking meaning that you’re going to do things in public that are socially unacceptable e.g. steal stuff from Tesco, beat someone up severely in an argument, hostile against women (gage)
- coupled with lack of the above emotional response will be haywire e.g. events with happiness will respond in anger
- attention/concentration span will become shorter meaning that in court your wont be able to follow the procedure thus not able to defend/explain your actions
- unable to control the rage that the amygdala is releasing to aid you in survival meaning that there is no limit and can possibly inflict harm onto someone that past self-defence
- grey matter reduced (bost) = decision making will become really poor so have more impulsive behaviour + become more frustrated
Describe the Amygdala role
- controls over the rage that is released
- major influencer over our fear and sadness (an emotional centre)
- facial recognition
- fight or slight mechanism controls
- danger perception and sense
- emotional responses control
- emotion attachment onto memories on events
if the amygdala is damaged how could this explain criminal behaviour
- rage output will have no limiter to tell it to stop thus become more overly aggressive in a situation that doesn’t need it
- fear helps not commit crimes as the consequences that come after can ruin someone’s life thus not do it -> if bost = will commit any crime w/o thinking of the future thus proceed w/o any hesitations
- damaged will also aid that crime as empathy emotions will poor as well further implying that hesitations are non-existent and can also lead to more crime
- facial recognition will be lacking meaning that sees a police officer doesn’t inhibit you to commit a crime plus can cause crime onto friends and family as doesn’t apply the relationship that developed between them to recognise them
- fight or flight/danger perception/sense will become damaged so can lead to someone more aggressive when faced with scenarios that need that mechanism into play
- can control the emotional response that should be used in that even with something else and it can be inappropriate meaning can possibly to crime as well. (probably the same point as pre-frontal cortex on it)
- same point as the hippocampus not remembering the emotions that were placed onto the memory
Describe the hippocampus role
- memory reconstruction
- transfers STM to LTM
if the hippocampus is damaged how could this explain criminal behaviour
e.g. you robbed, assaulted someone -> forgot the whole event = going to do that crime again thinking that it’s your 1st time or do it again as forgot the consequences of those crimes
- needs to link with other brain parts to have effect
linked with amygdala, you will also forget about the emotions placed upon those memories meaning that the fear of the consequences are forgot as well as the conditioning affects that it should have done to help stop recidivism
Describe the hypothalamus role
- sensory input to pituitary glands (responses are facilitated accordingly)
- hormones/ adrenaline control output
- control overdrives (sex, water, hunger, sleep, shelter)
if the hypothalamus is damaged how could this explain criminal behaviour
- cant construct an appropriate response according to the sensory input so can mix up daily activities input with like being on the brink of death = lead to crime (assault/murderer )
- damages results in over stimulation leading to inappropriate control hormones resulting in crime e.g. more testosterone was released = more aggressive (equivalent to taking drugs)
- acts on impulse to satisfy their drives will become overboard resulting in any means necessary to satisfy them = crime committed
give strength and weakness of gender differences
can use as a contrasting point
strength: Bruns & Hauser (2003) found that males are a uniformly higher risk of TBI than females. olmsted country ratio of adolescents/young adults is 2 males 1 female suggesting its due to interpersonal violence and motor vehicle collisions. in South Africa, its 4:1 to males in young adults evident to males behaviour cause more TBu rather than males responding violently after TBI therefore demonstrates gender differences
weakness: Diaz (1995) suggest that scientific evidence is hard to get as other factors affect result like being young, male, violence exposure in families previous convictions PTSD with anger/ impulsivity, drug/alcohol abuse therefore its hard to isolate TBI as a lone cause for criminal behaviour this lower credibility in gender differences
THE AO3 will be an essay plan in word
THE AO3 will be an essay plan in word
