TBI -1

Question 1

what is a TBI

Answer 1

injury to brain

not degenerative or congenital in nature

Question 2

what is a TBI caused by

Answer 2

external dynamic force

Question 3

what does a TBI produce

Answer 3

altered or diminished state of consciousness

Question 4

results of a TBI

Answer 4

impairment of cognitive, behavioral and physical fxning

Question 5

how can the brain be divided

Answer 5

into 3 sections

Question 6

3 sections of the brain

Answer 6

brainstem

cerebellum

cerebrum

Question 7

brainstem

Answer 7

connects to the SC

Question 8

what does the brainstem control

Answer 8

consciousness

arousal

vital fxns

Question 9

what does the cerebrum control

Answer 9

muscle coordination and balance

via feedback loop system

Question 10

what is the largest section of the brain

Answer 10

cerebrum cortex

Question 11

where do most of the thinking fxns occur

Answer 11

cerebrum cortex

Question 12

how many lobes does the brain have

Answer 12

4

Question 13

4 lobes of the brain

Answer 13

frontal

parietal

temporal

occipital

Question 14

what does the frontal lobe control

Answer 14

emotions and attention

Question 15

what is the frontal lobe

Answer 15

decision making center and action planning

primary motor cortex

“filter”

Question 16

what does the frontal lobe execute

Answer 16

time management

goal directed activities

cognitive flexibility

Question 17

home –> frontal lobe

Answer 17

of the personality of an individual

Question 18

frontal lobe lesions

Answer 18

flat affect and indifference

lack of insight

distractibility

impulsiveness

slow non-fluent speech

decreased initiation

paresis/plegia

Question 19

what is the parietal lobe

Answer 19

primary sensory area

Question 20

what does the parietal lobe do

Answer 20

receives and processes info

Question 21

info that the parietal lobe receives

Answer 21

touch

pain

temp

Question 22

parietal lobe lesions

Answer 22

visual and spatial deficits

difficulty recognizing objects

difficulty reading maps or understanding diagrams or graphs

Question 23

what is the temporal lobe

Answer 23

primary auditory area

Question 24

what does the temporal lobe control

Answer 24

comprehension of speech

writing

memory

Question 25

lesions of the temporal lobe

Answer 25

aphasia poor memory

Question 26

what is the occipital lobe

Answer 26

primary visual area

Question 27

what does the occipital lobe do

Answer 27

interprets and receives visual info

Question 28

lesions of the occipital lobe

Answer 28

visual field cut unilateral neglect difficulty recognizing faces and objects

Question 29

what does the left side of the brain control

Answer 29

right side of the body

Question 30

what does the left side of the brain understand

Answer 30

use of language

Question 31

what does the left side of the brain include

Answer 31

memory for spoken and written messages detail analysis of info

Question 32

what does the right side of the brain control

Answer 32

left side of the body

Question 33

what does the right side of the brain include

Answer 33

spatial awareness knowing body position understand/remember things we do or see organize bits of info to make up entire picture

Question 34

2 categories of TBI

Answer 34

closed head injury open head injury

Question 35

closed head injury

Answer 35

a blow to the head caused by MVA, fall or violence

Question 36

what does a closed head injury result in

Answer 36

diffuse injury

Question 37

open head injury

Answer 37

sharp object enters the brain

Question 38

what causes an open head injury

Answer 38

gunshot wound or industrial accident

Question 39

what does an open head injury result in

Answer 39

more focal injury

Question 40

what is there with an open head injury

Answer 40

increase risk of infection

Question 41

four modes on injury

Answer 41

diffuse axonal injury blunt blow penetrating injuries anoxia/hypoxia

Question 42

what is a diffuse axonal injury caused by

Answer 42

acceleration deceleration rotational forces

Question 43

what happens w/ a diffuse axonal injury

Answer 43

forces act on the brain at the same time of injury or impact resulting in damage

Question 44

what causes a diffuse axonal injury

Answer 44

tissue compression tearing shearing combo

Question 45

what does a blunt blow injury result in

Answer 45

contra-coup effect

Question 46

coup =

Answer 46

injury at site

Question 47

contra-coup

Answer 47

injuries distant from the site of impact

Question 48

blunt blow injury -->

Answer 48

brain bounces w/in the skull

Question 49

what is a penetrating injury caused by

Answer 49

gunshot wound or industrial accidents

Question 50

penetrating injuries have

Answer 50

increased risk of infections

Question 51

penetrating injuries result in

Answer 51

focal injury

Question 52

what is a hypoxia/anoxia injury

Answer 52

decreased blood flow to the brain

Question 53

what does hypoxia/anoxia injury result in

Answer 53

lack of O2 causing tissue damage

Question 54

what does a hypoxia/anoxia injury cause

Answer 54

bleeding w/in brain hemorrhage bleeding from other body parts respiratory or cardiac failure

Question 55

bleeding w/in brain hemorrhage -->hypoxia/anoxia injury

Answer 55

need Sx to repair

Question 56

hypoxia/anoxia injury is a

Answer 56

diffuse injury

Question 57

hypoxia/anoxia injury has a

Answer 57

low prognosis

Question 58

secondary injuries of TBI

Answer 58

hematoma edema

Question 59

hematoma

Answer 59

blood clot may form in brain causing increased pressure and need to sx to repair

Question 60

types of hematoma

Answer 60

epidural hematoma subdural hematoma

Question 61

epidural hematoma

Answer 61

b/w skill and dural mater

Question 62

subdural hematoma

Answer 62

b/w dura mater and arachnoid mater

Question 63

edema

Answer 63

swelling w/in the brain

Question 64

what does edema result in

Answer 64

increased ICP

Question 65

how do we relieve edema

Answer 65

implant a shunt to relieve pressure

Question 66

what could occur w/ edema

Answer 66

CSF leak through sinuses ears and nose

Question 67

secondary injury to edema

Answer 67

lack of oxygen

Question 68

what do we do w/ someone w/ edema

Answer 68

closely monitor for 24-48 hrs post accident

Question 69

non-traumatic brain injury

Answer 69

change or problem w/in the brain itself

Question 70

what can a non-traumatic brain injury be caused by

Answer 70

infections (virus) metabolic disorder (drug or chemical overdose) failure of body organ

Question 71

what else could a non-traumatic brain injury be caused by

Answer 71

brain tumor