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Neuro 2 - Exam 2 > TBI -1 > Flashcards

TBI -1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a TBI

A

injury to brain

not degenerative or congenital in nature

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2
Q

what is a TBI caused by

A

external dynamic force

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3
Q

what does a TBI produce

A

altered or diminished state of consciousness

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4
Q

results of a TBI

A

impairment of cognitive, behavioral and physical fxning

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5
Q

how can the brain be divided

A

into 3 sections

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6
Q

3 sections of the brain

A

brainstem

cerebellum

cerebrum

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7
Q

brainstem

A

connects to the SC

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8
Q

what does the brainstem control

A

consciousness

arousal

vital fxns

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9
Q

what does the cerebrum control

A

muscle coordination and balance

via feedback loop system

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10
Q

what is the largest section of the brain

A

cerebrum cortex

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11
Q

where do most of the thinking fxns occur

A

cerebrum cortex

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12
Q

how many lobes does the brain have

A

4

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13
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

frontal

parietal

temporal

occipital

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14
Q

what does the frontal lobe control

A

emotions and attention

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15
Q

what is the frontal lobe

A

decision making center and action planning

primary motor cortex

“filter”

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16
Q

what does the frontal lobe execute

A

time management

goal directed activities

cognitive flexibility

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17
Q

home –> frontal lobe

A

of the personality of an individual

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18
Q

frontal lobe lesions

A

flat affect and indifference

lack of insight

distractibility

impulsiveness

slow non-fluent speech

decreased initiation

paresis/plegia

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19
Q

what is the parietal lobe

A

primary sensory area

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20
Q

what does the parietal lobe do

A

receives and processes info

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21
Q

info that the parietal lobe receives

A

touch

pain

temp

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22
Q

parietal lobe lesions

A

visual and spatial deficits

difficulty recognizing objects

difficulty reading maps or understanding diagrams or graphs

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23
Q

what is the temporal lobe

A

primary auditory area

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24
Q

what does the temporal lobe control

A

comprehension of speech

writing

memory

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25
Q

lesions of the temporal lobe

A

aphasia

poor memory

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26
Q

what is the occipital lobe

A

primary visual area

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27
Q

what does the occipital lobe do

A

interprets and receives visual info

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28
Q

lesions of the occipital lobe

A

visual field cut

unilateral neglect

difficulty recognizing faces and objects

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29
Q

what does the left side of the brain control

A

right side of the body

30
Q

what does the left side of the brain understand

A

use of language

31
Q

what does the left side of the brain include

A

memory for spoken and written messages

detail analysis of info

32
Q

what does the right side of the brain control

A

left side of the body

33
Q

what does the right side of the brain include

A

spatial awareness

knowing body position

understand/remember things we do or see

organize bits of info to make up entire picture

34
Q

2 categories of TBI

A

closed head injury

open head injury

35
Q

closed head injury

A

a blow to the head caused by MVA, fall or violence

36
Q

what does a closed head injury result in

A

diffuse injury

37
Q

open head injury

A

sharp object enters the brain

38
Q

what causes an open head injury

A

gunshot wound or industrial accident

39
Q

what does an open head injury result in

A

more focal injury

40
Q

what is there with an open head injury

A

increase risk of infection

41
Q

four modes on injury

A

diffuse axonal injury

blunt blow

penetrating injuries

anoxia/hypoxia

42
Q

what is a diffuse axonal injury caused by

A

acceleration

deceleration

rotational forces

43
Q

what happens w/ a diffuse axonal injury

A

forces act on the brain at the same time of injury or impact resulting in damage

44
Q

what causes a diffuse axonal injury

A

tissue compression

tearing

shearing

combo

45
Q

what does a blunt blow injury result in

A

contra-coup effect

46
Q

coup =

A

injury at site

47
Q

contra-coup

A

injuries distant from the site of impact

48
Q

blunt blow injury –>

A

brain bounces w/in the skull

49
Q

what is a penetrating injury caused by

A

gunshot wound or industrial accidents

50
Q

penetrating injuries have

A

increased risk of infections

51
Q

penetrating injuries result in

A

focal injury

52
Q

what is a hypoxia/anoxia injury

A

decreased blood flow to the brain

53
Q

what does hypoxia/anoxia injury result in

A

lack of O2

causing tissue damage

54
Q

what does a hypoxia/anoxia injury cause

A

bleeding w/in brain hemorrhage

bleeding from other body parts

respiratory or cardiac failure

55
Q

bleeding w/in brain hemorrhage –>hypoxia/anoxia injury

A

need Sx to repair

56
Q

hypoxia/anoxia injury is a

A

diffuse injury

57
Q

hypoxia/anoxia injury has a

A

low prognosis

58
Q

secondary injuries of TBI

A

hematoma

edema

59
Q

hematoma

A

blood clot may form in brain causing increased pressure and need to sx to repair

60
Q

types of hematoma

A

epidural hematoma

subdural hematoma

61
Q

epidural hematoma

A

b/w skill and dural mater

62
Q

subdural hematoma

A

b/w dura mater and arachnoid mater

63
Q

edema

A

swelling w/in the brain

64
Q

what does edema result in

A

increased ICP

65
Q

how do we relieve edema

A

implant a shunt to relieve pressure

66
Q

what could occur w/ edema

A

CSF leak through sinuses

ears and nose

67
Q

secondary injury to edema

A

lack of oxygen

68
Q

what do we do w/ someone w/ edema

A

closely monitor for 24-48 hrs post accident

69
Q

non-traumatic brain injury

A

change or problem w/in the brain itself

70
Q

what can a non-traumatic brain injury be caused by

A

infections (virus)

metabolic disorder (drug or chemical overdose)

failure of body organ

71
Q

what else could a non-traumatic brain injury be caused by

A

brain tumor

Neuro 2 - Exam 2 (16 decks)

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