Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro 2 - Exam 2 > Parkinsons - Motor Symptoms - 2 > Flashcards

Parkinsons - Motor Symptoms - 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cardinal signs

A

TRAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TRAP

A

tremor

rigidity

akinesia

posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tremor –> TRAP

A

resting

stereotypical “pill rolling” tremor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rigidity –> TRAP

A

lead pipe or cog wheel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

akinesia –> TRAP

A

bradykinesia

inability to initiate movement or slowed movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

postural instability –> TRAP

A

late stage finding

decreased balance and coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does dx require

A

2 of the 3 early motor signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most common clinical manifestation

A

tremor

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are tremors generally

A

unilateral UE

can be bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how are tremors first seen

A

in fingers

pill rolling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tremors are present

A

at rest

w/ exertion or tension

disappear w/ sleep or action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what side do symptoms start on

A

right side

61%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

role of the BG

A

imbalance b/w Cb and BG inhibition

cholinergic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what will occur overtime –> tremor

A

will spread to other body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tremor will spread to

A

LEs

face (blepharospasm)

shoulder and neck/trunk (titubation)

may become bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

non-velocity dependent hypertonicity

A

uniform resistance to PROM throughout ROM

different from spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

types of rigidity

A

lead pipe

cog wheel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lead pipe

A

slow

sustained resistance to ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cog wheel

A

jerky

ratchety

catch & release to ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where can rigidity appear

A

agonist and antagonist muscle groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how could rigidity appear

A

unilaterally before bilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does rigidity typically affect

A

proximal muscles

then extremities and face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

early sign of rigidity

A

loss of arm swing in gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

prolonged rigidity

A

contractures and postural deformity

fatigue secondary

resting energy expenditure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

akinesia

A

difficulty w/ the initiation of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

akinesia is different from

A

bradykinesia

both are motor planning deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how is movement initiated

A

co-contraction of agonist and antagonist

28
Q

drugs that limit bradykinesia

A

do not affect akinesia

results from problems in the preparation for movement

29
Q

what is akinesia associated w/

A

fixed postures

“freezing”

“glue foot”

30
Q

where does akinesia frequently occur

A

tight/enclosed spaces

approaching a change in floor surface

31
Q

what is freezing exacerbated by

A

stress

32
Q

what can akinesia be overcome w/

A

external cues or attentional strategies

33
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow or decreased movement

34
Q

bradykinesia includes

A

a decrease in arm swing

slow shuffling gait

lack of facial expression

35
Q

what does bradykinesia have difficulty w/

A

initiating or changing direction of movement

stopping movement once is has started

36
Q

posture

A

typically flexor-bound

often considered diagnostic

37
Q

posture –> often diagnostic

A

neck/trunk flexion

hip/knee flexion

ankle PF

38
Q

there is a loss of –> posture

A

natural heel to toe progression

becomes to to heel instead

rotation

39
Q

what are posture and gait changes d/t

A

combination of rigidity and bradykinesia

40
Q

what is common –> postural instability

A

festination and retropulsion

COG is too far forward

41
Q

what does postural instability lead to

A

difficulty in bed mobility

42
Q

what does postural instability cause

A

decrease heel strike

decrease step length

decrease stride length

43
Q

what does gait turn into

A

“en bloc”

44
Q

in early stages

A

there is shuffling

45
Q

in later stages there is

A

festination

46
Q

motor SXS (1)

A

TRAP

stooped posture

shuffling gait or festination

freezing

decrease arm swing

47
Q

motor SXS (2)

A

difficulty arising from a chair

difficulty turning in bed

imbalance & falls

dystonia (esp leg/foot)

hypophonic speech

48
Q

motor SXS (3)

A

dysphagia

dysarthria

micrographia

masked face

slowing of ADLs

sialorrhea

49
Q

dystonia

A

twisting, sometimes bizarre, movements

50
Q

what is dystonia caused by

A

involuntary contractions of the axial and proximal muscles of the extremities

51
Q

hypophonic speech

A

soft speech

52
Q

what does hypophonic speech result from

A

lack of coordination of the vocal musculature

53
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

54
Q

what does dysphagia result from

A

lack of coordination of the vocal musculature

55
Q

individuals w/ PD –> dysphagia

A

often unaware that they are experiencing it

56
Q

dysarthria

A

motor speech disorder resulting in poor articulation

57
Q

what is dysarthria often termed

A

hypokinetic dysarthria in PD

58
Q

micrographia

A

abnormally small handwriting

progressively smaller handwriting

59
Q

masked face

A

bradykinesia of the facial muscles

reduction of facial expression of emotion

60
Q

slowing of ADLs

A

combo of TRAP

causing increased challenge w/ ADLs

61
Q

sialorrhea

A

hypersecretion of saliva

impaired or frequent swallowing

62
Q

% of PD pts that experience falls

A

66%

13% fall more than once a week

63
Q

why do PD pts fall

A

delayed equilibrium rxns

lack of anticipatory postural control

inability to adequately respond to perturbations

64
Q

other factors of fall risk

A

mm weakness

meds S/E

postural hypotension

fatigue

depression

dementia

65
Q

what are common in PD

A

procedural learning

but declarative learning is usually intact

66
Q

why is dual tasking difficult for PD pts

A

involves shifting of attention and motor programs

67
Q

what type of practice do we use

A

block practice

Neuro 2 - Exam 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions