Physical Impairments - TBI Flashcards
physical impairments
CN dysfxn
seizures
tonal changes
heterotopic ossifications
bowel/bladder dysfxn
balance/coordination
motor control/planning
vestibular dysfxn
paresis/plegia
dysarthria/dysphagia
CN dysfxn
decrease visual acuity
double vision
seizures
grand mol or tonic-clonic
focal or complex partial
petit mal or absence
grand mal or tonic clonic seizures
whole body
stiff or jerky movements
clenching of hands or jaw
develop foamy saliva
loss of bowel/bladder
how long is a tonic clonic seizure
2-5 min
focal or complex partial seizure
complains of a funny smell or taste
pick at clothing or pat/rub body
how long is a focal or complex partial seizure
few minutes
petit mal or absence
stare or blink or have eye flutter
brief lapse of consciousness
how long is a petit mal or absence seizure
few seconds
reasons that may trigger a seizure (1)
fever/flu
alcohol
emotional upset
fatigue
decreased blood sugar
reasons that may trigger a seizure (2)
flashing lights and loud noises
decreased nutrition
menstruation or constipation
decreased oxygen supply
tonal changes
spasticity
rigidity
flaccid
spasticity
abnormal increase in velocity
dependent resistance to stretch and hyperactive tendon jerk
rigidity
both direction resistance to movement
hypertonic
basal ganglia damage
flaccid
loss of muscle tone
heterotopic ossifications are also called
ectopic bone growth
heterotopic ossifications
abnormal bone growth in &/or around joint space
where do heterotopic ossifications occur
proximal joints
clinical signs of heterotopic ossifications
pain
increased temp
decreased ROM
what is needed w/ heterotopic ossifications
surgery
bowel/bladder dysfxn
incontinence
bladder retention
constipation
what are common w/ BB dysfxn
UTIs
what does our body do –> balance/coordination
our bodies make continual adjustments to ensure upright position and balance
after a brain injury the body will–> balance and coordination
react too quickly
not quickly enough
no rxn at all
ataxia –> balance and coodination
inability to coordinate the speed and direction of movement
when are deficits seen –> motor control/planning
during movement
when is it seen –> motor control/planning
activate the wrong muscle
change the sequence of muscle activation
activate too many muscles w/ inappropriate force
vestibular dysfxn is common in
pts w/ TBI
common cause of vestibular dysfxn
blow to head
vestibular dysfxn
otoconia fragments from the utricle fall onto or into the cupula of the posterior canal thus exciting the neurons
result of vestibular dysfxn
dizziness
paresis/plegia
weakness
decreased activation to the muscle
hemiparesis/plegia or tetraparesis/plegia
R v. L
dysarthria
slurred speech
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
when do dysarthria and dysphagia occur
secondary to muscle weakness, poor motor control or decreased sensation
what is there a risk of w/ dysphagia
aspiration –> pneumonia
