TB drugs Flashcards
how does isoniazid work?
disrupts cell wall synthesis by blocking mycolic acid synthesis
what two drugs are affected by antacids, esp with Al salts and how
isoniazid and ethambutol
-decreased absorption
what are the 2 main side effects of isoniazid
- peripheral neuropathy (stocking-glove)
- hepatotoxicity
what is pyridoxine/B6 used for in TB treatment
to treat peripheral neuropathy associated with isoniazid and ethionamide
which TB drugs do not require dose adjustment in renal insufficiency?
rifampin
how does rifampin work?
inhibits RNA synthesis
-by inhibiting beta subunit of RNA polymerase
what are 2 main adverse effects of rifampin?
- turns body fluids red-orange
- hepatotoxicity
how does ethambutol work?
blocks cell wall synthesis
-by inhibiting arabinosyl transferase
what are 2 main adverse effects of ethambutol?
- optic neuritis (decreased visual acuity and loss of color discrimination)
- hyperuricemia
how does pyrazinamide work?
decreases pH below growth threshold
-converted to pyrazinoic acid by bacteria
what are 3 main adverse effects of pyrazinamide?
- dose related hepatotoxicity
- hyperuricemia
- arthralgia
what 2 additional drugs are used for MDR TB?
cycloserine and ethionamide
how does cycloserine work?
blocks cell wall synthesis
-structural analog of D-alanine
what are the adverse effects of cycloserine?
reversible CNS effects
-use with caution if history of depression
how does ethionamide work?
inhibits peptide synthesis
