adverse effects Flashcards
4 adverse effects of beta2 agonists
- decreased BP
- stimulation of heart: increased HR
- hyperglycemia
- hypokalemia: QT prolongation
adverse effects of theophylline/aminiophylline
same as beta agonists:
- increased BP
- heart stimulation
- hyperglycemia
- hypokalemia: QT prolongation
muscarinic antagonists
- pupillary dilation and cycloplegia on contact with eye
- urinary retention
- dry mouth
glucocorticoids
- oral candidiasis/immunosuppression
- decreased growth rate/bone density
- increased BP/weight
- glucose intolerance
- Cushingoid syndrome
what are the distinct adverse effects of leukotriene antagonists
monteleukast: URT inflammation/infection
zafilukast/zileuton: increased hepatic enzymes
hallucinations due to increased serotonin. what other drug increases serotonin?
dextromethorphan
-diphenhydramine
what are the adverse effects of diphenhydramine
anticholinergic adverse effects
what drug always causes constipation? what are 2 other adverse effects
codeine
- sedation
- histamine release: hypotension
which drug causes uric acid nephrolithiasis?
guaifenesin
which mucolytic can cause bronchospasm?
acteyl cysteine
what are 3 adverse effects of dornase alfa?
- voice alteration
- pharyngitis/laryngitis
- conjunctivitis
what 2 major types of adverse effects do 1st gen antihistamines cause?
- anticholinergic effects
2. drowsiness/impaired alertness or cognition
what two TB drugs cause peripheral neuropathy? how do you treat that? what other adverse effects do they cause?
isoniazid and ethionamide
- give pyridoxine/B6 supplement
- also hepatotoxicity
what TB drug turns body fluids red-orange? what other adverse effect is it responsible for?
rifampin
-hepatotoxicity
what TB drug causes optic neuritis? how does that manifest? what other adverse effect does it cause?
ethambutol
- diminished visual acuity and loss of color differentiation
- also hyperuricemia
what TB drug causes nephrotoxicity (ATN)? what other adverse effects does it cause?
capreomycin
- ototoxicity
- eosinophilia
what TB drug causes reversible CNS effects?
cycloserine
what adverse effects is pyrazinamide responsible for?
hepatotoxicity and hyperuricemia
which two antibiotics cause cholestatic jaundice?
azithromycin and erythromycin
what are the two main adverse effects of doxycycline?
photosensitivity and decreased bone growth
what antibiotic causes tendon rupture and cartilage damage in young kids?
levofloxacin
what are 3 adverse effects of gentamicin?
- ototoxicity
- neuromuscular paralysis
- nephrotoxicity
what 2 antibiotics cause QT prolongation
azithromycin and erythromycin
what antibiotic causes decreased coagulation?
piperacillin
what drug combination is used to prevent renal toxicity from the antibiotic in it?
imipenem/cilastin
what antibiotic causes Red Man Syndrome? what other two adverse effects does it cause?
vancomycin
- ototoxicity
- nephrotoxicity
what three antibiotics cause nephrotoxicity
impenem, gentamicin and vancomycin
what is the big problem with zanamivir?
fatal bronchospasms in those with underlying lung disease
which antiviral has black box warning for renal toxicity?
cidofovir
which antiviral has black box warning for hemolytic anemia?
ribavirin
what are the adverse effects of valacyclovir/acyclovir?
renal impairment: hydrate well
what is the main adverse effect of amphotericin?
nephrotoxicity
what is the main adverse effect of flucytosine?
hematotoxicity: anemia, blood dyscrasias
what is the main adverse effect of rituximab?
HTN
what are the 2 main adverse effects of azathioprine?
- thrombocytopenia/leukopenia
2. mutagenic/neoplastic
hypotension and the need to monitor bleeding are adverse effects of what type of drugs?
prostanoids
what are 2 toxicities of bosentan?
blood and liver
what are 2 adverse effects of cisplatin?
- dose-limiting nephrotoxicity
- ototoxicity
what is the main adverse effect of gemcitabine?
peripheral neuropathy
what 2 cytotoxic drugs cause increased hepatic enzymes
carboplatin and pemetrexed
what has cumulative dose limiting cardiotoxicity
doxorubicin
what cytotoxic drug has dose limiting hematologic toxicity?
etoposide
what are two adverse effects of cyclophosphamide?
hemorrhagic cystitis and pulmonary fibrosis
