*TB 90- Fire Burns

Question 1

Fire burns:

Tests indicate that exposure to temperatures of only ___ to ___°F will cause extreme pain and severe, full thickness burns to all unprotected skin.

Answer 1

280 to 320

Question 2

Fire Burns:

Second Degree Burns can occur within one second of exposure to ___ degrees.

Answer 2

158

Question 3

Fire burns: True or False?

Steam burns develop faster and are more severe than dry heat burns at the same temperature

Answer 3

True, this is due to latent heat transfer.

Question 4

Fire Burns:

A Firefighter caught in a flashover, just ___ feet inside a room, will be exposed to temperatures of 1,000 to 1,500°F, and direct flame impingement for at least 2 seconds

Answer 4

5

Question 5

Fire burns:

A ____ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree fahrenheit.

Answer 5

BTU

Question 6

Heat is transferred in what three different ways?

Answer 6

• Radiation
• conduction
• convection

Question 7

Fire Burns:

_____ is the transmission, spread, or distribution of heat through the motion of a heated fluid

Answer 7

Convection

Question 8

Fire Burns:

_____ is when heat energy is transmitted similar to light waves

Answer 8

Radiation

Question 9

Fire Burns:

_____ is the transfer of heat through matter without any visible motion of that matter.

Answer 9

Conduction

Question 10

Fire Burns:

What are three stages in the development of an interior fire?

Answer 10

• growth stage
• fully developed stage
• decay stage

Question 11

Fire Burns:

_____ is a sudden sporadic generation of flame mixed with smoke at the upper ceiling level just before flashover occurs. It is the last warning for Firefighters to withdraw from the area, if charged lines are not in place and operating effectively

Answer 11

Roll over

Question 12

Fire Burns:

Flashover warning signs may not be apparent in buildings with large unenclosed floor or attic spaces and ceilings ___ to ___feet above the floor or joist level.

Answer 12

12 to 20 ft

Question 13

Fire burns:
The following are warning signs of a ______
•Sickly or intermittent flame due to a reduced oxygen level.
•Smoke being drawn past you into the fire area of the structure.
•Heavy smoke swirling with great force.
•Flickering flames in the smoke above you as heavier combustion products suspended in the superheated atmosphere try to ignite.

Answer 13

Smoke explosion

Question 14

Fire Burns:

In order for backdraft to occur, oxygen content must fall to between ___% and ___%.

Answer 14

11 to 15%

Question 15

Fire Burns:
The following are all warning signs before a _____
•Smoke issuing out of any available structural openings, door jambs, window frames, roof, and attic vents, wall cracks, etc.
•Smoke igniting when it rolls into the outside air.
•Heavy, hot smoke is visible but no fire can be seen or heard.
•Structure appears to be breathing or puffing smoke.
•Windows darkened due to long exposure to heat, may look like mirrored glass from the outside.
•Condensation forming on windows.
•Windows pulsating or rattling from internal pressure.
•Large plate glass windows may bulge from heat and internal pressure.

Answer 15

Backdraft

Question 16

Fire Burns:
The following are all warning signs of a possible _____
•A fire burning within a room or area that is producing a buildup of heated smoke at the upperlevels of the structure.
•Smoke that is increasing in heat and density.
•A rapid banking down of heated smoke.
•Fire of significant intensity exposing contents and surrounding areas to radiant and/or convective heat.
•Roll over occurring. Flame visible in the smoke rolling out the tops of open doors or windows, and/or flames rolling in the upper ceiling level inside the fire area.

Answer 16

Flashover

Question 17

Fire Burns:

What are the four construction features that present the greatest danger to Firefighters from collapse?

Answer 17

l. Any type of truss construction
2. Unreinforced masonry construction
3. Any cantilever construction
4. Unprotected steel construction

Question 18

Fire Burns:

In general, provide a minimum of two ladders to every structure and one additional ladder for every ___ member team on the roof.

Answer 18

2

Question 19

______ heat is the quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when passing between phases

Answer 19

Latent heat

Solid to liquid is the latent heat of fusion. Liquid to vapor is the latent heat of vaporization.

Question 20

Fire burns:

Which heat transfer method is responsible for the majority of fire and smoke spread within structures?

Answer 20

Convection

Question 21

Fire burns:

The primary consideration relative to conductive heat transfer is ______

Answer 21

Structural integrity

Question 22

Fire burns:

_____ usually occurs after flashover and is defined as rapid flame spread over one or more surfaces during a fire. It is caused by the sudden ignition of combustible vapors that are produced from a heated surface

Answer 22

Flame over

Question 23

Fire burns:

Before a backdraft occurs, Explosive products of combustion are ______ to ______ degrees in the structure.

Answer 23

1000 to 1800°F

Question 24

Fire burns:

The primary difference between flashover and backdraft is the amount of _____ present

Answer 24

Air

Question 25

Fire burns:

______ signals the beginning of the collapse danger of a fire.

Answer 25

Flashover

After flashover the structural elements of the building may begin to burn and fuel the fire.

Question 26

Fire burns:

Steam can cause full thickness burns to unprotected skin with less than ___ seconds exposure.

Answer 26

3