taxonomy test Flashcards
discipline of assigning a universally accepted name
taxonomy
what was the first attempt at naming based on
physical characteristics
“two name” naming system
binomial nomenclature
group of closely related species
genus
unique to certain members of a genus
Species
what are the taxonomic levels
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
evolutionary relationships among organisms or the study of how living and extinct animals are related
phylogeny
diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
cladogram
a group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor
clade
characteristics that appear in the recent parts of the lineage, but not in its older members
derived characters
why might organisms that are similar in appearance might not not be related due to
convergent evolution
the higher level the taxon
the further back in time the ancestor was
we now group organisms based on
phylogeny and phenotype
why is DNA relevant in explaining evolutionary relationships?
the more similar the DNA, the more closely related the organisms and the more recent the common ancestor
the farther each species has diverged,
the less similar the DNA will be
genes show important relationships at the
molecular level
what can you use to determine classification
DNA
During Linnaeus’ time the only two kingdoms were
plants and animals
green photosynthetic organisms that use energy from the sun
plants
mobile organisms that use energy for food
animal
Swedish botanist in the late 1730’s
Carolus Linnaeus
the science of naming and grouping organisms is called
systematics
a point at which two groups branched off from each other.
node
a group that includes all species that are descended from a common ancestor.
monophyletic group
domain of unicellular prokaryotic organisms that do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
archaea
domain of unicellular prokaryotic organisms that have Peptidoglycan in their cell walls
bacteria
Domain that consists of all organisms that have a nucleus
Eukarya
animals with backbones
vertebrate
where do vertebrate belong
phylum
what is another name for vertebrate
Chordata
