biology test 3

Question 1

all of the genes, including all alleles, that are present in a reproducing population

Answer 1

gene pool

Question 2

number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool when compared to the occurrence of all the other alleles in the population

Answer 2

Allele Frequency

Question 3

A single gene that only has two alleles

Answer 3

single-gene trait

Question 4

traits that are controlled by more than one gene

Answer 4

polygenic trait

Question 5

any change in a sequence of DNA

Answer 5

mutation

Question 6

genetic recombination during sexual reproduction

Answer 6

gene shuffling

Question 7

describe how natural selection acts on single-gene traits

Answer 7

selection for or against any trait can lead to changes in allele frequency and evolution.

Question 8

a random change in allele frequency

Answer 8

genetic drift

Question 9

allele frequency’s change as the result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population

Answer 9

founder effect

Question 10

condition in which there is no evolution

Answer 10

genetic equilibrium

Question 11

what is the first condition that may disturb equilibrium

Answer 11

nonrandom mating

Question 12

what is the second condition that may disturb equilibrium

Answer 12

small population

Question 13

what is the third condition that may disturb equilibrium

Answer 13

immigration

Question 14

what is the fourth condition that may disturb equilibrium

Answer 14

mutation

Question 15

what is the fifth condition that may disturb equilibrium

Answer 15

natural selection

Question 16

what is the first condition required for equilibrium

Answer 16

random mating

Question 17

what is the second condition required for equilibrium

Answer 17

big population

Question 18

what is the third condition required for equilibrium

Answer 18

no immigration

Question 19

what is the fourth condition required for equilibrium

Answer 19

no mutation

Question 20

what is the fifth condition required for equilibrium

Answer 20

no natural selection

Question 21

states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change.

Answer 21

Hardy-Weinberg principle

Question 22

How does speciation occur

Answer 22

it is when two gene pools of a population become isolated from each other

Question 23

what are the three types of reproductive isolation

Answer 23

behavioral, geographic, temporal

Question 24

two populations are capable of breeding but have different behaviors that their potential mates are selecting for

Answer 24

behavioral isolation

Question 25

two populations become geographically separated

Answer 25

geographic isolation

Question 26

reproduction occurs at different times

Answer 26

temporal isolation

Question 27

do genes have a chance to be shared in temporal isolation

Answer 27

no

Question 28

why did the finches change in Darwin's experiment?

Answer 28

varying pressures from natural selection

Question 29

what is adaptive radiation

Answer 29

when a many species come from one in different places and the farther you go out from its origin the more you see.

Question 30

how can mutations be caused

Answer 30

replication mistakes or by radiation or chemicals

Question 31

relate the allele frequency of a population to evolution

Answer 31

Evolution can be refined as any change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population.

Question 32

what are the sources for genetic variation

Answer 32

mutation and gene shuffling

Question 33

what is an example of a single gene trait

Answer 33

widow's peak

Question 34

what is an example of a polygenic trait

Answer 34

height

Question 35

how can genetic drift be more probable to happen

Answer 35

one organism has more offspring than the average do.