taxonomy once again Flashcards
- Algae
Live in water
Sexual organs (sporangia and gametangia) have unicellular layer in algae
Plants
○ Live on land
- Cuticle
-Sexual organs surrounded by layer of sterile cells
- Multicellular embryos stay in parental tissue
Both plants and algae
-Chlorophyll A, Starch, cellulose, carotenoids
○ Plants and green algae may share common ancestor
Differences b/w all Major Plants
- Bryophytes
○ Do not have Vasc tissue, seeds, or flowers - Ferns (seedless vascular plants)
-Have vascular tissue, no seeds or flowers - Gymnosperm
○ Have vascular tissue and seeds. Do not have flowers - Angiosperm
Have vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers
how many species bryophyes
23k
what do bryophtes include
mosses, liverworts, hornworts
bryophyte characteristics
-dominant gametophyte
-no roots or true xylem
-water absorbed directly
-some are tolerant to desiccation
Bryophytes reproduction
○ In order to reproduce sexually, need external water
○ Gemma cups - asexual reproduction
gemma cups
Small discs of tissue that grow into new gametophytes
Byrophyte habitat
○ Moist, shady places, tress logs, bogs and wetlands
peat mosses
bryophytes
○ In waterlogged environments
○ High water holding capacity
○ Acidify water around them
○ Anti microbial properties
Specialized cells for water storage
peat mosses conditions lead to
○ Waterlogged conditions, low temps, acidity lead to:
1) Slow breakdown of organic matter = large amount of accumulated C
2) Damage to peatlands = hella C released
- Calamites
○ Giant horsetails
○ Extinct trees, swampy carboniferous
○ Massive aerial stems
○ Grew from rhizomes
○ Stems have large pith and xylem with tracheids
- Phylum Psilophytes
○ Lack roots, anchored by rhizome
○ Stem bears enations
○ Psilotum, tmesipteris
seedless vasculars- fern relative
○ Enations
are outgrouwths that look like leaves but no vascular tissue
- Tree fern
○ Psaronius
○ Widespread during youngest carboniferous
Looks like palm tree
fernlike
- Phylum Lycophytes
○ Club mosses, ground pine
○ Found on forest floor
○ Have true roots and stem
○ Selaginella, is heterospory
fernlike
- Phylum Horsetails
○ Tiny, whorled, scalelike leaves
○ Stems photosynthesize
○ Sporangia at tip of stems
Equisetum is living fossil
fernlike
- Phylum Ferns
○ Leaves large and divided
○ Underground stem = rhizome
○ Sori:
Fonds unroll and expand
sori
clusters of sporangia
how many species of ferns
○ 11k sps
fern habitat
○ Abundant in tropical region
○ Also in cool regions
ground pine
Lycopodium
a lycophyte
psilophyte example
Psilotum (whisk ferns) and Tmesipteris
peat mosses name
Sphagnum mosses
rolled up frond
fiddlehead
seedless vascular plants included phylums
Phylum Psilophyte
Phylum Lycophyte
Phylum Horsetails
Phylum Ferns
Liverwort example
Marchantia
leaflet
Pinnule
extention of petiole
rachis
