Photosynthesis

Question 1

theory for Evolution of photosynthesis

Answer 1

Endosymbiosis theory

Question 2

Endosymbiosis theory

Answer 2

○ Non photosynthetic eukaryotic cell and a free living cyanobacterium join into one and turns into a chloroplast which turns into green algae which turned into plant

Question 3

what factors does light affect in plants

Answer 3

stomata movement, when leaves r lost, growth

Question 4

how do plants sense light

Answer 4

photosynthetic pigments and phytochrome, and blue light receptors

Question 5

what are the particles loight is composed of

Answer 5

photons

Question 6

UV damages:
what is it blocked by

Answer 6

DNA and proteins
atmosphere

Question 7

• Shorter wavelength=

Answer 7

high energy and high freq

Question 8

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 8

Electromagnetic radiation includes visible light, UV, infared, X-rays
- Created by the sun

Question 9

lowest and highest energy colors

Answer 9

red and purple

Question 10

what do bees see

Answer 10

UV light from flowers–> stand out more

Question 11

where are Both carotenoids and chlorophyll embedded

Answer 11

• Both embedded in thylakoids, in units called photosystems

Question 12

what tpye of bonds do carotenoids and chlorophyll have

Answer 12

have conjugated double bonds
ringswith these bonds capture photons

fieisfsofse

Question 13

Carotenoids

Answer 13

○ Accessory pigments to chlorophyll
○ Absorb what chlorophyll cannot
○ Prevent damage to chlorophyll molecules by lugt
○ Eye health in humans

Question 14

Chlorophyll

Answer 14

○ Essential to photosynthesis
○ In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria

Question 15

When a photosynthetic pigment absorbs light

Answer 15

electorn become excited, move to higher energy level

Question 16

When electron returns from higher energy level

Answer 16

Either
1) Fluorescence
2) Heat
3) Resonance entergy transfter (antenna complex)

Question 17

Resonance entergy transfter

Answer 17

○ Energy transferred to two molecules of chl a in reaction center

1) AMT transferred to two chl A's in PS 2 so great --> that one electron is ejected from each CHL A

2) Electrons ejected get accepted by primary electron acceptor and transported through ETC to PS 1

3) Back in PS 2, Chl a get electrons back from water(split producing O2 and protons), oxygen gets released and protons accumulate in thylakoid space

4) Chl as in PS1 lose elections due to light energy from PS1 antenna pigments. Get back electrons that come from PS2 through ETC, ejected electrons transported to be accepted by NADP to form NADPH

Question 18

Light reaction products used for

Answer 18

CO2 fixation in calvin cycle
NADPH and ATP

Question 19

calvin cycle process

Answer 19

1) 5-C acceptor(RuBP) reaction w 1 CO2

2) New C6 mol breaks into 2 3-C mols(PGA)

• RUBISCO: enzyme carries out reaction
• Cycle must run 6 times for glucose (6-C), because RUBISCO needs to fix 6 CO2s

Question 20

what do photosystems have?

Answer 20

Antenna complex and reaction center