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Bology > Taxonomy and DNA > Flashcards

Taxonomy and DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Kingdom (5)

A

Animalia (animals) , plantae ( plant) , fungi (funga) , Protista( single cell) , monera ( bacteria)

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2
Q

Phylum

A

Several related classes of organisms are grouped into the same phylum

Ex. Chordata

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3
Q

Class

A

Several related orders are grouped into the same class

Ex. Mammalia

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4
Q

Order

A

Serval related families are grouped into the same order

Ex. Primates

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5
Q

Family

A

Contains groups of genera that share many common characteristics

Ex. Hominidae

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6
Q

Genus

A

Contains species that share many features but cannot successfully interbreed

Ex.homo

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7
Q

Species

A

A population of organisms that share similar characteristics and that succes’s fully interbreed with one another under natural conditions

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8
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

Organisms based on this system
bi- two , nomen - name

He is species - first letter always
Capital and first letter for species name always lower case. Both names aw italicizes.

Commonlongage that is universally by biologists to avoid confusion

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9
Q

Criteria for classification into kingdoms

A
  1. Cell type
  2. Number of cells
  3. Mode of nutrition
  4. Reproductive strategies
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10
Q

Cell type

A

A - eukaryotic

B- prokaryotic

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11
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Cells containing a nucleus and membrane bound organelles such as mitchondria or endoplasmic reticulum

Ex. Human cheek cells

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12
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Cells that do not possess a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

Ex. Escherichia coli bacteria

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13
Q

Number of cells

A

A- unicellular

B- multicellular

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14
Q

Unicellular

A

Consisting of one cell

Ex. Amoeba

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15
Q

Multicellular

A

Consisting of 2 or more cells

Ex. Sunflowers

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16
Q

Mode of nutrition

A

A- autotrophic
I) photosynthetic
II) chemosynthetic

B- heterotrophic
I) parasites
II) saprophytes

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17
Q

Autotrophic

A

Organisms capable of synthesizing their own food. Autotrophs can be further classified into two subgroups:

  • photosynthetic
  • chemsynthetic
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18
Q

Photosynthetic

A

Organisms that are able to convert the energy of light into the chemical energy of sugar

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19
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

Organisms that are able to break down inorganic molecules to obtain energy

Ex. Lichens

20
Q

Heterotrophic

A
  • organisms that most obtain nutrients from sources outside of their bodies
  • can also be Broken down into smaller categories: parasites + saprophytes
21
Q

Parasites

A

Organisms that live in or on the body of a host causing it harm

Ex. Tapeworms

22
Q

Saprophytes

A

Organisms that grow on decomposing or decaying matter and absorb the organic nutrients as food

Ex. Molds

23
Q

Reproductive strategies

A
  • sexual

- asexual

24
Q

Sexual

A

The production of offspring that are not genetically identical to one another.
Meiosis is involved in the creation of haploid gametes ( sperm and eggs). Sexual reproduction may involve:
I) external fertilization ex. Fish
Or II) internal fertilization ex. Mammals

25
Q

Asexual

A

The production of offspring identical to each other and to the parent through the process of mitosis

Ex. Budding, vegetative reproduction, fragmentation

26
Q

Protista charactertics

A
  • eukaryotic
  • unicellular
  • varied nutrition
    • autotrophic / photosynthesis
    • heterotrophic/ ingestion
  • both are asexual and sexual
27
Q

Animalia charactertics

A
  • eukaryotic
  • heterotrophic / ingestion
  • sexual repoud ( some could do) + asexual product
  • multicellular

Ex. Sea stars

28
Q

Taxonomy

A

Is a process of naming organisms and assigning them to groups

  • similarities between organisms
  • organizing
29
Q

DNA

A
  • Deoxyribose nuclic acid
  • chemical code that stores all the gem hoc instructions for an organisms.these instructions are responsible for directing all life functions including cell growth, differentiation, division and repair
30
Q

James Watson and Francis crick

A

Received the noble prize in 1958 for

Determining the basic structure of DNA: twisted ladder

31
Q

Mnemonic can be used to remember the basic facts about DNA

* also the basic structure of DNA

A 
Some      -   sugar
People's  - phosphate group 
Bodies     - bases 
Have        - helix
Sexy        - strands 
Legs.       - locomotion
32
Q

Sugar

A

Is a 5 carbon sugar called deoxyribose

33
Q

Phosphate group

A

This group is a negatively charged chemical compound that alternates with sugar to create the sides of the DNA ladder

34
Q

Bases

A

A-T C-G

  1. Purines - double. Ring bases
    - include Adenine + guanie
  2. Pyridines - single ring bases
    - includes cytosine and thymine
    • each rung made from purine bonded to a pryrimidines
35
Q

Helix

A

DNA is a right handed double standard helix

36
Q

Strands

A

2 strands of nucleotides. A nucleotides is made up of one base, one sugar, and one phosphate group chemically bounded together

37
Q

Location

A
  • DNA is found in our chromosomes

- the chromosomes are stored inside the nuclie of our cells

38
Q

DNA replication

A

Before a cell can divide, all of the DNA must be duplicated.

This process of duplication is called DNA Replication

39
Q

Template

A

Each strand of DNA as a template. It can produce a reverse image; a complementary copy. Each new strand of DNA produced has a sequence of bases exactly complementary to the template

40
Q

Semi conservative

A

Each strand of DNA produced contains one old parent strand and one new daughter strand

This replication is said to be called semi conservative

41
Q

Sequence of events in DNA replication

A
  1. Unwinding and unzipping
  2. Complimentary base paring
  3. Nucleotide bonding
42
Q

Unwinding and unzipping

A

DNA unwinds
The hydrogen bonds between the bases break
The double helix unzips exposing the bases
DNA helicopter is the enzyme responsible for this step

43
Q

Complimentary base paring

A
  • free floating nucleotides more on and pair up with bases of each template
  • DNA polymerase enzyme ensures complimentary base pairing
44
Q

Nucleotide bonding

A

Sugar- phosphate bonds form between adjacent nucleotide of the new strand

DNA Ligose enzyme joins the nucleotides together

The new molecules wind back into a double helix

45
Q

Monera

A 
Cell wall
Heterotrophic/ ingestion 
Autotrophic/ photosynthetic 
Prokaryotic 
Unicellular 
Asexual( binary fission ) 
Sexual ( conjugation )
46
Q

Plantae

A 
Multicellular
Autotrophic / photosynthetic 
Sexual and asexual 
Eukaryotic 
Cell wall that contains cellulose
47
Q

Fungi

A 
Fungi 
Eukaryotic 
Multicellular 
Heterotrophic: soporphytes 
Sexual and asexual 
Call wall does not contain cellulose not chitin

Bology (4 decks)

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