Phylum Porifera

Question 1

Form and function of phylum Porifera

Answer 1

• body of sponge form wall around central cavity
• current is powered by flagella on collar cells
• water exits through opening called osculum
• spiny spicules form skeleton of sponge. They are produced by amebocytes and may be made of silica or calcium carbonate.

Question 2

Feeding (phylum Porifera)

Answer 2

• filter feeders sift macroscopic particles if food from the water that passed through them
• food particles stick to collar cells, they are engulfed by endocytosis, they may be transferred to by amebocytes which carry food to where needed in the cell
• intorcellular digestion (happens inside)

Question 3

Respiration, excretion, internal transport. (Phylum Porifera)

Answer 3

• sponges remove oxygen from water as it passes over them and release carbon dioxide
• metabolic wastes like NH3 are also carried away by water

Question 4

Regeneration (phylum Porifera)

Answer 4

• separated sponge cells will come together and grow into serveral new sponges

Question 5

Reproduction #1

Phylum Porifera

Answer 5

• sexual
• eggs kept in body wall of sponge but sperm is released into water flowering through sponge
• if sperm enter another sponge. They are pided up by amebocytes and carried to the sponges eggs, where fertilization occurs
• zygote results after fertilization develops into larvae that swims away until it finds place to settle

Question 6

Reproduction #2

Phylum Porifera

Answer 6

• asexual
• can produce structure called gemmules
• these are sphere - shapes collections of amebocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules
• can survive long periods of
  I) freezing temperatures
  II) drought
• can also reproduce by budding in which part of a sponge simply falls off the parent and grows into a new sponge

Question 7

How sponges fit into our world

Answer 7

-often live in dark places
- act as “homes” for other marine animals like starfish, snails and shrimp.
- live in symbiosis with blue- green algae, Protists
- boring sponges are important I cleaning up ocean floor.
- human uses
A. Bathing
B. Protective chemicals may be powerful antibiotics or act against bacteria

Question 8

Phylum Porifera characteristics

Answer 8

• multi- cellular, heterotrophic, no cell walls
• no mouth or gut
• no specialized tissues or organ systems
• evolved from single - cells ance star