taxonomy and classification Flashcards
Classification
a means of organising the variety of life based on relationships between organisms using differences ans similarities in phenotypes and genotypes
species
group of organisms that can successfully breed to produce fertile offspring and who share similar characteristics
3 domains of organisms
archaea
bacteria
eukaryotes
biodiversity
the variety of life within a given area
endemism
species that are found in one place on earth and nowhere else
activities that threaten existence of lot of species
deforestation
over-exploitation
climate change
pollution
how is biodiversity measures
- species richness
- index of diversity
species richness
number of different species in a given area
index of diversity
number and type of different species in a given area
types of adaptations
anatomical
behavioural
psychological
anatomical adaptation
structural features of an organism that can increase its chance of survivall
behavioural adaptation
the way an organism acts to increase chance of survival
pshychological
processes inside an organisms body
why is hardy-weinberg equation used
to estimate the frequence of alleles in a population
causes of changes in allele frequences
mutation
natrual selection
how does mutation cause allele frequency to change
it can result in a new allele, resulting in a change in allele proportion
how does natural selection cause allele frequency to change
survival of fittest survive and pass on advantageous genes to future generations.e
evolution
process by which frequency of alleles in a gene pool changes over time as a result of natural selection
reproductive isolation
due to accumulation of different genetic information in populations over time
3 main changes resulting in reproductive isolatoin
- seasonal- different mating seasons
- mechanical- changes in gentialia
- behavioural- courtship rituals
in what way to zoos help conserve endangered species and their genetic diversity
- scientific rsearch
- captive breeding programmes
- reintroduction progammes
- education programmes
captive breeding programmes
endangered species are carefully bred to increase genetic diversity and population size
reintroduction programmes
aim to release animals bred in captivity to natural habitats
education programems
educate people about the importance of maintaining biodiversity, captive breeding programmes
seed banks purpose
- stores a large number of seeds in order to conserve genetic diversity and prevent extinctions
seed banks
seeds are stores in cool, dry conditions
