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Unit 2 AS biology > Animal Cells > Flashcards

Animal Cells Flashcards

1
Q

phosphlipid molecules arrangement

A
  • 2 layers forming a bilayer
  • allows hydrophillic heads to face towards aqueous solution on either side of membrane
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2
Q

phospholipids components

A

hydrophillic head- polar
hydrophobic tail- non polar

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3
Q

what is a cell

A

the basic unit of a living organism composed of organelles suspended in cytoplasm with a cell membrane around it

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4
Q

what is a tissue

A

group of specialised cells working together to carry out a specific function

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5
Q

organ

A

group of tissues that work together to carry out a common function

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6
Q

organ system

A

group of organs that carry out a common function to form a system

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7
Q

components of cell membrane

A

phospholipid
protein
carbohydrates
cholesterol

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8
Q

arrangement of phospholipids

A

form a bilayer which allows hydrophobic heads of the molecules to face towards the aqueous solution

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9
Q

function of phospholipids

A

restrict the movement of water soluble substances but allow lipid soluble substances to diffuse through
- gives fluidity which allows cells to form vesicles

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10
Q

types of protein on the membrane

A

trans membrane
peripheral
integral

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11
Q

function of proteins in cell membrane

A

allows transporting of polar molecules across the bilayer via diffusion or active transport
- gives mosaic nature to cell

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12
Q

carbohydrate arrangement in cell membrane and types of carbohydrates

A

outer layer
- glycoprotein
- glycolipid

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13
Q

carbohydrate function in cell membrane

A

acts as a receptor molecule which is responsible for the recognition of chemicals in cells

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14
Q

function of cell membrane

A
  • controls movement of substances across the membrane
  • acts as a border, separating 2 cells
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15
Q

nucleus structure

A

double membrane called the nuclear envelope which contains pores that regulate the movement of substances between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm

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16
Q

nucleoplasm

A

jelly like material
contains chromatin thread

17
Q

chromosomes

A

made of sections of linear DNA tightly wound around proteins called histones

18
Q

function of nucleus

A
  • controls cellular metabolism
  • controls cell division
  • inheritance of genetic info
19
Q

ER structure

A

contains a network of membrane bound tubules called cisternae which are interconnected

20
Q

types of endoplasmic reticulum

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum

21
Q

functions of ER

A
  • intra cellular transport of proteins and lipids
  • formation of structural skeleton which gives shape to the cell
22
Q

SER structure

A

wide tubules
no ribosomes attached on surface

23
Q

function of SER

A

production and transport of lipid substances within the cell

24
Q

RER structure

A

flat tubules
ribosomes on the surface

25
Q

function of RER

A

Synthesis of protein by the ribosomes, and transporting proteins in the cell through RER tubules.

26
Q

golgi apparatus structure

A

sack of flat membrane bound cisternae

27
Q

function of golgi apparatus

A

modify proteins and lipids before packaging them into golgi vesicles that transport them.

production of other molecules through modification of proteins

28
Q

lysosomes structure

A

membrane bound organelles with hydrolytic enzymes

29
Q

function of lysosomes

A

digest macromolecules and break down waste molecules

30
Q

mitochondria structure

A

surrounded by double membrane
- inner membrane folds into cristae
- contains a matrix containing circular DNA and ribosomes

31
Q

function of mitochondria

A

production of ATP for aerobic respiration

32
Q

ribosome structure

A

contains 2 sub units made out of rRNA and protein

33
Q

function of ribosome

A

site of protein synthesis (Translation)

34
Q

centrioles structure

A

made of hollow fibres known as microtubules

35
Q

microtubules

A

filaments of tubulin proteins used to move substances around inside a cell, and supports the shape of the cell

36
Q

centrosome

A

two centrioles at right angles to each other

37
Q

function of microtubules

A
  1. produce organelles eg. cillia, centrioles
  2. supprot transport within the cell
  3. forms a framework against the cellular cell

Unit 2 AS biology (6 decks)

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