Animal Cells

Question 1

phosphlipid molecules arrangement

Answer 1

• 2 layers forming a bilayer
• allows hydrophillic heads to face towards aqueous solution on either side of membrane

Question 2

phospholipids components

Answer 2

hydrophillic head- polar
hydrophobic tail- non polar

Question 3

what is a cell

Answer 3

the basic unit of a living organism composed of organelles suspended in cytoplasm with a cell membrane around it

Question 4

what is a tissue

Answer 4

group of specialised cells working together to carry out a specific function

Question 5

organ

Answer 5

group of tissues that work together to carry out a common function

Question 6

organ system

Answer 6

group of organs that carry out a common function to form a system

Question 7

components of cell membrane

Answer 7

phospholipid
protein
carbohydrates
cholesterol

Question 8

arrangement of phospholipids

Answer 8

form a bilayer which allows hydrophobic heads of the molecules to face towards the aqueous solution

Question 9

function of phospholipids

Answer 9

restrict the movement of water soluble substances but allow lipid soluble substances to diffuse through
- gives fluidity which allows cells to form vesicles

Question 10

types of protein on the membrane

Answer 10

trans membrane
peripheral
integral

Question 11

function of proteins in cell membrane

Answer 11

allows transporting of polar molecules across the bilayer via diffusion or active transport
- gives mosaic nature to cell

Question 12

carbohydrate arrangement in cell membrane and types of carbohydrates

Answer 12

outer layer
- glycoprotein
- glycolipid

Question 13

carbohydrate function in cell membrane

Answer 13

acts as a receptor molecule which is responsible for the recognition of chemicals in cells

Question 14

function of cell membrane

Answer 14

• controls movement of substances across the membrane
• acts as a border, separating 2 cells

Question 15

nucleus structure

Answer 15

double membrane called the nuclear envelope which contains pores that regulate the movement of substances between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm

Question 16

nucleoplasm

Answer 16

jelly like material
contains chromatin thread

Question 17

chromosomes

Answer 17

made of sections of linear DNA tightly wound around proteins called histones

Question 18

function of nucleus

Answer 18

• controls cellular metabolism
• controls cell division
• inheritance of genetic info

Question 19

ER structure

Answer 19

contains a network of membrane bound tubules called cisternae which are interconnected

Question 20

types of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 20

smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

functions of ER

Answer 21

• intra cellular transport of proteins and lipids
• formation of structural skeleton which gives shape to the cell

Question 22

SER structure

Answer 22

wide tubules
no ribosomes attached on surface

Question 23

function of SER

Answer 23

production and transport of lipid substances within the cell

Question 24

RER structure

Answer 24

flat tubules
ribosomes on the surface

Question 25

function of RER

Answer 25

Synthesis of protein by the ribosomes, and transporting proteins in the cell through RER tubules.

Question 26

golgi apparatus structure

Answer 26

sack of flat membrane bound cisternae

Question 27

function of golgi apparatus

Answer 27

modify proteins and lipids before packaging them into golgi vesicles that transport them. production of other molecules through modification of proteins

Question 28

lysosomes structure

Answer 28

membrane bound organelles with hydrolytic enzymes

Question 29

function of lysosomes

Answer 29

digest macromolecules and break down waste molecules

Question 30

mitochondria structure

Answer 30

surrounded by double membrane - inner membrane folds into cristae - contains a matrix containing circular DNA and ribosomes

Question 31

function of mitochondria

Answer 31

production of ATP for aerobic respiration

Question 32

ribosome structure

Answer 32

contains 2 sub units made out of rRNA and protein

Question 33

function of ribosome

Answer 33

site of protein synthesis (Translation)

Question 34

centrioles structure

Answer 34

made of hollow fibres known as microtubules

Question 35

microtubules

Answer 35

filaments of tubulin proteins used to move substances around inside a cell, and supports the shape of the cell

Question 36

centrosome

Answer 36

two centrioles at right angles to each other

Question 37

function of microtubules

Answer 37

1. produce organelles eg. cillia, centrioles 2. supprot transport within the cell 3. forms a framework against the cellular cell