Animal Cells Flashcards
phosphlipid molecules arrangement
- 2 layers forming a bilayer
- allows hydrophillic heads to face towards aqueous solution on either side of membrane
phospholipids components
hydrophillic head- polar
hydrophobic tail- non polar
what is a cell
the basic unit of a living organism composed of organelles suspended in cytoplasm with a cell membrane around it
what is a tissue
group of specialised cells working together to carry out a specific function
organ
group of tissues that work together to carry out a common function
organ system
group of organs that carry out a common function to form a system
components of cell membrane
phospholipid
protein
carbohydrates
cholesterol
arrangement of phospholipids
form a bilayer which allows hydrophobic heads of the molecules to face towards the aqueous solution
function of phospholipids
restrict the movement of water soluble substances but allow lipid soluble substances to diffuse through
- gives fluidity which allows cells to form vesicles
types of protein on the membrane
trans membrane
peripheral
integral
function of proteins in cell membrane
allows transporting of polar molecules across the bilayer via diffusion or active transport
- gives mosaic nature to cell
carbohydrate arrangement in cell membrane and types of carbohydrates
outer layer
- glycoprotein
- glycolipid
carbohydrate function in cell membrane
acts as a receptor molecule which is responsible for the recognition of chemicals in cells
function of cell membrane
- controls movement of substances across the membrane
- acts as a border, separating 2 cells
nucleus structure
double membrane called the nuclear envelope which contains pores that regulate the movement of substances between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
nucleoplasm
jelly like material
contains chromatin thread
chromosomes
made of sections of linear DNA tightly wound around proteins called histones
function of nucleus
- controls cellular metabolism
- controls cell division
- inheritance of genetic info
ER structure
contains a network of membrane bound tubules called cisternae which are interconnected
types of endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
functions of ER
- intra cellular transport of proteins and lipids
- formation of structural skeleton which gives shape to the cell
SER structure
wide tubules
no ribosomes attached on surface
function of SER
production and transport of lipid substances within the cell
RER structure
flat tubules
ribosomes on the surface
function of RER
Synthesis of protein by the ribosomes, and transporting proteins in the cell through RER tubules.
golgi apparatus structure
sack of flat membrane bound cisternae
function of golgi apparatus
modify proteins and lipids before packaging them into golgi vesicles that transport them.
production of other molecules through modification of proteins
lysosomes structure
membrane bound organelles with hydrolytic enzymes
function of lysosomes
digest macromolecules and break down waste molecules
mitochondria structure
surrounded by double membrane
- inner membrane folds into cristae
- contains a matrix containing circular DNA and ribosomes
function of mitochondria
production of ATP for aerobic respiration
ribosome structure
contains 2 sub units made out of rRNA and protein
function of ribosome
site of protein synthesis (Translation)
centrioles structure
made of hollow fibres known as microtubules
microtubules
filaments of tubulin proteins used to move substances around inside a cell, and supports the shape of the cell
centrosome
two centrioles at right angles to each other
function of microtubules
- produce organelles eg. cillia, centrioles
- supprot transport within the cell
- forms a framework against the cellular cell
