cell division Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 2 types of cell division
A
mitosis
meiosis
2
Q
Mitosis
A
-growth, repair and asexual reproduction
- produces 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells
3
Q
interphase
A
where the cell prepares for division
4
Q
stages of interphase
A
Gap 1
synthesis
gap 2
5
Q
gap 1
A
the cell grows and performs its normal functions
- organelle replication
- protein and enzyme synthesis
6
Q
synthesis
A
- DNA is replicated
- chromosomes consists of 2 identical chromatids
7
Q
gap 2
A
- cell continues to grow and additional proteins are synthesized
- production of energy
8
Q
prophase
A
- chromatin fibres coil and condense into chromosomes
- the nuclear envelope breaks down
- the spindle fibres begin to form, and attach to the centromere of each chromosome
- centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
9
Q
metaphase
A
- chromosomes align at the equator
- spindle fibres attach to the centromeres
10
Q
anaphase
A
- centromere splits, and spindle fibres shorter, pulling sister chromatids to opposite poles
- chromatids become individual chromosomes
11
Q
telophase
A
- nuclear membrane reforms around the 2 sets of chromosomes, forming 2 nuclei
- chromosomes decondense to chromatin
- spindle fibres break down
12
Q
cytokinesis
A
- cytoplasm divides into 2 daughter cells.
- cleavage furrow forms, splitting the cell into 2
(in plant cells- cell plate forms between 2 daughter cells developing into a cell wall)
13
Q
importance of mitosis
A
- allows organisms to grow
- cell replacement
- asexual reproduction
- genetic stability
14
Q
what should be present for chromosomes to get paired
A
- centromere should be at the same position
- size of chromosome should be the same
- same gene on same locus
15
Q
locus
A
position of a gene on a chromosome
