TAXONOMIC GROUPS Flashcards
KINGDOM: Plantae
- Multicellular organisms (most photosynthetic and contain chlorophyll)
- Cells walls made of cellulose
- Autotrophic
Non-Vascular: Phylum Bryophyta
• Lack transport tissue
• Small and restricted to moist terrestrial environments
• Do not possess true roots, stems or leaves
E.g. Mosses, liverworts and hornworts
Vascular:
- Possess transport tissue
- Possess true roots, leaves and stems
- Reproduce via spores not seeds
Phylum: Filicinophyta
- Large dividing leaves
* Reproduce via spores e.g. ferns
Phylum: Coniferophyta
- Needle like leaves
* Produce seeds housing an embryo e.g. Conifer/pine cones
Phylum: Angiosperms
- Pollination via wind or animals
- Flowers
- Monocotyledons: flowers in multiples of three, leaves have parallel veins (lilies, dafodils)
KINGDOM: Protista
- Do not fit into other taxomic groups
- Unicellular or multicellular
- Most aquatic environments: algae, protozoa
KINGDOM: Animalia
- Multicellular heterotrophic organisms
* Animals lack cell walls
Phylum: Porifera
- Lack organs
- Aquatic
- Asexual reproduction
- E.g. Sponge, tube sponge
Phylum: Cnidaria
• All aquatic
• Stinging tentacles
Class: Medusa
• Umbrella shaped, tentacles on bottom e.g. jellyfish
Class: Polyp
• Cylindrical, tentacles on top e.g. Sea anemones, coral
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
- unsegmented body
- mouth but no anus
- Flattened body shape e.g. Flat worm tape worm
Phylum: Nematoda
- Tiny, unsegmented round worms
* Many are parasites e.g. Hookworms, stomach worms
Phylum: Annelidia
- Cylindrical, segmented
* Bristles eg. Earthworm, leeches
Phylum: Echidnodermata
- Internal skeleton
- Many spines
- Ventral mouth, dorsal anus
- Tubal feet: locomotion
- Unsegmented e.g. Sea urchin, star fish, sand dollar, sea cucumber
Phylum: Molusca
- Soft, unsegmented bodies
- Muscular foot
- Rasping tongue (radula)
Class: Bivalvia
Class from molusca
• Mantle secretes shell
• Two shells hinged together e.g. scallop
Class: Gastropoda
Class of molusca
• Shell
• Tentacles with head e.g. Land snail
Class: cephalapoda
Class of molusca
• Well divided eyes
• Foot divided into tentacles e.g. squid
Phylum: Arthropoda
- Exoskeleton made of chitin
- Jointed appendages
- Segmented bodies
- Most have compound eyes
- Heart on dorsal side
- Open circulatory system
Class: Crustacea
- Mainly marine
- Exoskeleton impregnated with mineral salts
- Gills often present e.g. Lobsters, crabs, barnacles, shrimps, prawns
Class: Arachnida
- Almost all terrestrial
* Two body parts: cephalothorax and abdomen e.g. Spiders, scorpions, ticks
Class: Insecta
- Capable of flight
* Three body parts: head, thorax and abdomen e.g. Flies, ants butterflies
Class: Diplopoda
- Rounded body
* Each segment has two pairs of legs e.g. millipedes
Class: Chilopoda
- Flattened body
* Each segment has one pair of legs e.g. centipedes
Phylum: chordata
- Dorsal notochord
- Post anal tail
- Backbones: vertebrate
Class: Chondrichthyes
- Cartilaginous fish: skeleton of cartilage
- No swim bladder (urinate through skin)
- All aquatic eg. Sharks, rays
Class: Osteichthyes
- Bony fish
* Swim bladder present eg. Eel, sea horse, fish
Class: amphibian
- Lungs in adult, juveniles may have gills
* Gas exchange through skin eg. Frogs, toads
Class: reptillia
- No larval stages
- Teeth are all the same type
- Eggs with soft leathery shell eg. Snakes, lizards, crocodiles, tortoises
Class: aves
- Eggs with hard, calcareous shells
- Strong, light skeleton
- High metabolic rate eg. Penguin, kiwi, seagull
Class: mammalia
- Endotherms with hair or fur
- Mammary glands produce milk
- External ears present
- Teeth are different types eg. Platypus, dolphin
KINGDOM: Prokaryotype
- Prokaryotic cell structure: lack chromosomes and nuclei of eukaryotic cells
- Asexual
- BACTERIA
KINGDOM: Eukaryotae
- FUNGI: mushrooms, lichens, puffballs
- Heterotrophic
- Saprotrophic (feeding on dead organisms)
- Immobile, terrestrial
