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ENT > Taste and smell > Flashcards

Taste and smell Flashcards

1
Q

What is the point of taste and smell?

A

Detect if food is good to eat

Influence flow of digestive juices

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2
Q

What is gustation?

A

Sense of taste

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3
Q

What is the organ of taste?

A

Taste buds

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4
Q

Describe a taste bud

A

Sensory and support cells arranged in segments like an orange

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5
Q

How long do taste receptor cells last for?

A

~10 days

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6
Q

Where can taste buds be found?

A

tongue, pharynx, palate and epiglottis

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7
Q

Where are most taste buds found?

A

Papilla

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8
Q

What are the 4 forms of papillae humans have?

A

Filiform- string like and do not contain tastebuds
Foliate
Fungiform
Vallate

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9
Q

What nerves convey taste?

A

VNII- Anterior 2/3
CNIX- Posterior 1/3
CNX- Everywhere that’s not the tongue

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10
Q

What are the 5 main tastes and their stimuli?

A 
Salty- NaCL
Sour- H+
Sweet- Glucose
Bitter- Alkaloids etc
Umami- AA like glutamate
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11
Q

What is ageusia?

A

Loss of taste

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12
Q

What can cause ageusia?

A

Nerve damage
Inflammation
Some endocrine disorders

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13
Q

What is hypogeusia?

A

Reduced taste

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14
Q

What can cause hypogeusia?

A

Chemotherapy

Some medications

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15
Q

What is dysgeusia?

A

Distortion of taste

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16
Q

What can cause dysgeusia?

A

Glossitis; gum infections; tooth decay; reflux; upper respiratory infections; medications; neoplasms; chemotherapy; zinc deficiency

17
Q

What is olfaction?

A

Sense of smell

18
Q

Where is smell sensed?

A

Olfactory mucosa

19
Q

What cells are found in the olfactory mucosa?

A

Basal cells
Supporting cells
Olfactory receptor cells

20
Q

What are olfactory receptor cells?

A

Specialised endings of renewable afferent neurons

21
Q

What are odorants?

A

Smell molecules that bind to cilia

22
Q

How long to olfactory receptors last.

A

~2 months

23
Q

What are basal cells used for?

A

Precursors for new olfactory receptors

24
Q

Where do olfactory nerves pass through?

A

Cribriform plate

25
Q

What is anosmia?

A

Loss of smell

26
Q

What can cause anosmia?

A

Viruses
Allergy
Nasal polyps
Head injury

27
Q

What is hyposmia?

A

Reduced sense of small

28
Q

What can cause hyposmia?

A

Similar to anosmia and Parkinson’s

29
Q

What is dysosmia?

A

Altered sense of smell

30
Q

What can cause dysosmia?

A

Hallucination of smell

Different interpretation

ENT (10 decks)

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