Nasal anatomy and physiology Flashcards
What are the functions of the nasal cavity?
Filter, humidify and warm air
Sense of smell
What are the 7 parts of the external nose?
Root Dorsum Tip Ala Nostril Septum Philtrum (between upper lip and nose)
What bones are associated with the nose?
Maxilla Nasal bones Ethmoid bone Vomer bone Inferior nasal concha
In which bone is the cribriform plate found?
Ethmoid
What parts of the nasal cavity does the ethmoid bone form?
Roof, septum and lateral walls
What bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid, frontal and nasal
What bones for the lateral borders of the nasal canal?
Ethmoid, maxilla, palatine bone and inferior nasal concha.
What bones form the floor of the nasal cavity?
Maxilla and palatine bones
What bones form the medial borders of the nasal cavity?
Vomer and ethmoid
Where does a Le Fort I fracture run?
Base of nose along maxilla
Where does a Le Fort II fracture run?
Root of nose down to mandible
Where does a Le Fort III fracture run?
Root of nose through eye sockets
What three types of epithelium are found in the nasal cavity?
Stratified squamous (in vestibule as it is skin)
Respiratory (in most of the rest)
Olfactory (in posterior roof and superior concha)
Where is stratified squamous epithelium found in the nose?
In the vestibules
Where is respiratory epithelium found in the nose?
In most of the cavity
Where is olfactory epithelium found in the nose?
In the superior posterior part/superior concha
What is the somatic innervation of the nasal cavity?
V1/ophthalmic- tip of nose to sphenoid sinus
V2/maxillary- everything under that
What is epistaxis?
Nose bleed
What are the major arteries of the nose?
Anterior ethmoid artery Posterior ethmoid artery Lateral nasal artery Greater palatine artery Sphenopalatine artery
What is Kiesselbach’s area?
An area of anastomosis on the septum where nose bleeds (epistaxis) comes from.
How many conchae are there in the nose?
3:
Superior
Middle
Inferior
What bone forms the basis for the superior and middle conchae?
Ethmoid
What bone forms the basis for the inferior concha?
Inferior nasal concha
What is a turbula?
A concha with its mucosal covering
What is found above the superior concha?
Sphenoethmoid recess
What separates the superior concha from the middle?
Superior meatus
What separates the middle concha from the inferior?
Middle meatus
What is found below the inferior concha?
Inferior meatus
What kind of airflow occurs through the nostrils?
Turbulent
What additional air spaces are linked to the nasal cavity?
Sinuses
How many pairs of sinuses do we have?
4: Frontal Maxillary Ethmoid Sphenoid
What lines sinuses?
Respiratory epithelium
What happens when a sinus gets clogged?
Sinusitis
Where do the sphenoid sinuses drain?
Sphenoethmoid recess
Where do the frontal sinuses drain?
Middle meatus
Where do the ethmoid air cells drain?
Superior and middle meatus
Ethmoid bulla
Where do the maxillary sinuses drain?
Middle meatus
What drains into the sphenoethmoid recess?
Sphenoid sinus
What drains into the superior meatus?
ethmoid air cells
What drains into the middle meatus?
Frontal sinuses
Maxillary sinuses
Ethmoid air cells
What drains into the ethmoid bulla?
Ethmoid air cells
Where is the semilunar hiatus found?
On the inferior concha under the middle meatus
Where is the ethmoid bulla found?
On the inferior concha between the semilunar hiatus and middle meatus.
What drains into the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal ducts.
Where can a connection between a sinus and tooth occur?
Maxillary sinus
