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ENT > Nasal anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Nasal anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

A

Filter, humidify and warm air

Sense of smell

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2
Q

What are the 7 parts of the external nose?

A 
Root
Dorsum
Tip
Ala
Nostril
Septum
Philtrum (between upper lip and nose)
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3
Q

What bones are associated with the nose?

A 
Maxilla
Nasal bones
Ethmoid bone
Vomer bone
Inferior nasal concha
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4
Q

In which bone is the cribriform plate found?

A

Ethmoid

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5
Q

What parts of the nasal cavity does the ethmoid bone form?

A

Roof, septum and lateral walls

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6
Q

What bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid, frontal and nasal

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7
Q

What bones for the lateral borders of the nasal canal?

A

Ethmoid, maxilla, palatine bone and inferior nasal concha.

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8
Q

What bones form the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Maxilla and palatine bones

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9
Q

What bones form the medial borders of the nasal cavity?

A

Vomer and ethmoid

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10
Q

Where does a Le Fort I fracture run?

A

Base of nose along maxilla

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11
Q

Where does a Le Fort II fracture run?

A

Root of nose down to mandible

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12
Q

Where does a Le Fort III fracture run?

A

Root of nose through eye sockets

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13
Q

What three types of epithelium are found in the nasal cavity?

A

Stratified squamous (in vestibule as it is skin)
Respiratory (in most of the rest)
Olfactory (in posterior roof and superior concha)

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14
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found in the nose?

A

In the vestibules

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15
Q

Where is respiratory epithelium found in the nose?

A

In most of the cavity

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16
Q

Where is olfactory epithelium found in the nose?

A

In the superior posterior part/superior concha

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17
Q

What is the somatic innervation of the nasal cavity?

A

V1/ophthalmic- tip of nose to sphenoid sinus

V2/maxillary- everything under that

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18
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nose bleed

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19
Q

What are the major arteries of the nose?

A 
Anterior ethmoid artery
Posterior ethmoid artery
Lateral nasal artery
Greater palatine artery
Sphenopalatine artery
20
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s area?

A

An area of anastomosis on the septum where nose bleeds (epistaxis) comes from.

21
Q

How many conchae are there in the nose?

A

3:
Superior
Middle
Inferior

22
Q

What bone forms the basis for the superior and middle conchae?

A

Ethmoid

23
Q

What bone forms the basis for the inferior concha?

A

Inferior nasal concha

24
Q

What is a turbula?

A

A concha with its mucosal covering

25
Q

What is found above the superior concha?

A

Sphenoethmoid recess

26
Q

What separates the superior concha from the middle?

A

Superior meatus

27
Q

What separates the middle concha from the inferior?

A

Middle meatus

28
Q

What is found below the inferior concha?

A

Inferior meatus

29
Q

What kind of airflow occurs through the nostrils?

A

Turbulent

30
Q

What additional air spaces are linked to the nasal cavity?

A

Sinuses

31
Q

How many pairs of sinuses do we have?

A 
4:
Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
32
Q

What lines sinuses?

A

Respiratory epithelium

33
Q

What happens when a sinus gets clogged?

A

Sinusitis

34
Q

Where do the sphenoid sinuses drain?

A

Sphenoethmoid recess

35
Q

Where do the frontal sinuses drain?

A

Middle meatus

36
Q

Where do the ethmoid air cells drain?

A

Superior and middle meatus

Ethmoid bulla

37
Q

Where do the maxillary sinuses drain?

A

Middle meatus

38
Q

What drains into the sphenoethmoid recess?

A

Sphenoid sinus

39
Q

What drains into the superior meatus?

A

ethmoid air cells

40
Q

What drains into the middle meatus?

A

Frontal sinuses
Maxillary sinuses
Ethmoid air cells

41
Q

What drains into the ethmoid bulla?

A

Ethmoid air cells

42
Q

Where is the semilunar hiatus found?

A

On the inferior concha under the middle meatus

43
Q

Where is the ethmoid bulla found?

A

On the inferior concha between the semilunar hiatus and middle meatus.

44
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal ducts.

45
Q

Where can a connection between a sinus and tooth occur?

A

Maxillary sinus

ENT (10 decks)

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