Taste Flashcards
______ is the detection of molecules in liquid or solid form.
Taste
Name the 5 basic taste qualities: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
- Salty
- Sour
- Sweet
- Bitter
- Umami
Why is fat not currently recognized as a basic taste?
Dedicated receptors have not yet been discovered
_______ is a protein that changes response properties of sweet receptors so they respond to sourness.
Miraculin
What are the 4 types of tongue papillae?
- Filiform
- Fungiform
- Foliate
- Circumvallate
_________ (papillae) are shaped like cones and located over the entire surface.
Filiform
________ (papillae) are shaped like mushrooms and found on sides and tips.
Fungiform (think mushrooms = fungus grows on sides of hills)
__________ (papillae) are series of folds on back and sides of the tongue.
Foliate (think foliate = folds)
__________ (papillae) are shaped like flat mounds in a trench located at the back.
Circumvallate (circum = mounds = circumference)
The tongue contains about ______________ taste buds.
10,000
Taste buds are located in all of the papillae except for the _________.
Filliform
We do not have sensations in the center of our tongue because…?
Only filiform papillae are in the center of the tongue, and they cannot taste.
Fungiform have _______ taste buds each.
3-5
Circumvallate and foliate papillae have _______ taste buds each.
More than 100
A taste bud is composed of ___________ taste cells.
50-100
Taste cell tips extend into the _______ _____.
Taste pore
___________ occurs when chemicals contact the receptor sites on the tips.
Transductions
The receptor sites on the tips are called ___________ ______.
Gustatory hairs
Taste sensitivity varies according to the number of ___________ papillae on the tongue.
Fungiform
While the number of fungiform papillae is a decent predictor of supertasters, what is a better predictor?
Genetic testing showed variations in a taste receptor gene were better predictors of supertasters.
Behaviorally: ________ have specialized receptors for PTC and PROP, and detect their presence.
Tasters
Behaviorally: ___________ lack receptors, have fewer taste buds, and do not detect PTC.
Nontasters
Behaviorally: ________ are especially sensitive to PROP and PTC and respond to bitter substances very strongly.
Supertasters
How many taste pathways are there?
At least 4
Which taste pathway is the most tested/well known?
Chorda tympani: nerve from front and sides of tongue
Taste pathways make connections in the ____________________ in the spinal cord.
Nucleus of the solitary tract
Taste signals travel from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the ___________.
Thalamus
From the thalamus, taste signals travel to these 2 PRIMARY areas:
1.
2.
- Insula
- Frontal operculum cortex
(I -primarily- FOC (like fuck))
From the thalamus, taste signals travel to this SECONDARY area:
1.
- Orbitofrontal cortex
Odor stimuli from food in the mouth reaches the olfactory mucosa through the _________ route.
Retronasal
Which cortical area is responsible for the disgust response?
The insula (spit or swallow? INSide my brain decides)
When you taste something, the tactile receptors in the mouth localize other sensory components to place flavor in the oral cavity. This is called…?
The oral capture illusion
Why is taste blocked when your nose is plugged?
The taste/food is trapped in the oral cavity.
Taste/food in your mouth travels from the oral cavity up the ______________ route and to the ________ ________.
Up the rotronasal route and to the nasal pharynx
The responses from taste, smell, touch, and vision are first combined in the _____________ _________.
Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex receives input from…
1.
2.
- Primary somatosensory cortex
2. Inferotemporal cortex (In visual what pathway)
__________ neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex respond to taste, smell, and vision.
Bimodal
The firing of bimodal neurons in OFC can be affected by the….?
Level of hunger of the animal for a specific food (BImodal : BI Me some FOOD)
