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Cogs101A > Taste > Flashcards

Taste Flashcards

1
Q

______ is the detection of molecules in liquid or solid form.

A

Taste

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2
Q 
Name the 5 basic taste qualities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Salty
  2. Sour
  3. Sweet
  4. Bitter
  5. Umami
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3
Q

Why is fat not currently recognized as a basic taste?

A

Dedicated receptors have not yet been discovered

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4
Q

_______ is a protein that changes response properties of sweet receptors so they respond to sourness.

A

Miraculin

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of tongue papillae?

A
  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Foliate
  4. Circumvallate
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6
Q

_________ (papillae) are shaped like cones and located over the entire surface.

A

Filiform

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7
Q

________ (papillae) are shaped like mushrooms and found on sides and tips.

A

Fungiform (think mushrooms = fungus grows on sides of hills)

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8
Q

__________ (papillae) are series of folds on back and sides of the tongue.

A

Foliate (think foliate = folds)

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9
Q

__________ (papillae) are shaped like flat mounds in a trench located at the back.

A

Circumvallate (circum = mounds = circumference)

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10
Q

The tongue contains about ______________ taste buds.

A

10,000

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11
Q

Taste buds are located in all of the papillae except for the _________.

A

Filliform

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12
Q

We do not have sensations in the center of our tongue because…?

A

Only filiform papillae are in the center of the tongue, and they cannot taste.

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13
Q

Fungiform have _______ taste buds each.

A

3-5

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14
Q

Circumvallate and foliate papillae have _______ taste buds each.

A

More than 100

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15
Q

A taste bud is composed of ___________ taste cells.

A

50-100

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16
Q

Taste cell tips extend into the _______ _____.

A

Taste pore

17
Q

___________ occurs when chemicals contact the receptor sites on the tips.

A

Transductions

18
Q

The receptor sites on the tips are called ___________ ______.

A

Gustatory hairs

19
Q

Taste sensitivity varies according to the number of ___________ papillae on the tongue.

A

Fungiform

20
Q

While the number of fungiform papillae is a decent predictor of supertasters, what is a better predictor?

A

Genetic testing showed variations in a taste receptor gene were better predictors of supertasters.

21
Q

Behaviorally: ________ have specialized receptors for PTC and PROP, and detect their presence.

A

Tasters

22
Q

Behaviorally: ___________ lack receptors, have fewer taste buds, and do not detect PTC.

A

Nontasters

23
Q

Behaviorally: ________ are especially sensitive to PROP and PTC and respond to bitter substances very strongly.

A

Supertasters

24
Q

How many taste pathways are there?

A

At least 4

25
Q

Which taste pathway is the most tested/well known?

A

Chorda tympani: nerve from front and sides of tongue

26
Q

Taste pathways make connections in the ____________________ in the spinal cord.

A

Nucleus of the solitary tract

27
Q

Taste signals travel from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the ___________.

A

Thalamus

28
Q

From the thalamus, taste signals travel to these 2 PRIMARY areas:
1.
2.

A
  1. Insula
  2. Frontal operculum cortex
    (I -primarily- FOC (like fuck))
29
Q

From the thalamus, taste signals travel to this SECONDARY area:
1.

A
  1. Orbitofrontal cortex
30
Q

Odor stimuli from food in the mouth reaches the olfactory mucosa through the _________ route.

A

Retronasal

31
Q

Which cortical area is responsible for the disgust response?

A

The insula (spit or swallow? INSide my brain decides)

32
Q

When you taste something, the tactile receptors in the mouth localize other sensory components to place flavor in the oral cavity. This is called…?

A

The oral capture illusion

33
Q

Why is taste blocked when your nose is plugged?

A

The taste/food is trapped in the oral cavity.

34
Q

Taste/food in your mouth travels from the oral cavity up the ______________ route and to the ________ ________.

A

Up the rotronasal route and to the nasal pharynx

35
Q

The responses from taste, smell, touch, and vision are first combined in the _____________ _________.

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

36
Q

The orbitofrontal cortex receives input from…
1.
2.

A
  1. Primary somatosensory cortex

2. Inferotemporal cortex (In visual what pathway)

37
Q

__________ neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex respond to taste, smell, and vision.

A

Bimodal

38
Q

The firing of bimodal neurons in OFC can be affected by the….?

A

Level of hunger of the animal for a specific food (BImodal : BI Me some FOOD)

Cogs101A (5 decks)

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