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MC > Task 6 > Flashcards

Task 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is cognitive subtraction ?

A

-> Compare brain activity in task that uses a particular cognitive component to brain activity in baseline task

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2
Q

Why is a baseline activity so important ?

A

-> Brain is always active thus “activity” can only be meaningfully interpreted relative to a baseline

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3
Q

What are the assumptions of cognitive subtraction ?

A
  1. Need to find d 2 tasks (experimental vs. baseline) that differ in terms of a small number of cognitive processes
    - Pure insertion: adding an extra component doesn’t affect the operation of earlier components
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4
Q

What is the Problem of cognitive subtraction ?

A

-> Pure insertion does not exit = Interaction !

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5
Q

What is a factorial design ?

A
  • > Identify a set of tasks (3 ) that has one particular component in common and a baseline
  • > use multiple subtraction
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6
Q

How do we identify an interaction in the factorial design ?

A
  • > is the difference btw A & B more/less than difference btw C & D?
  • > Formula = (A-B) - (C-D)
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7
Q

How to identify an main effect according to the factorial design ?

A

-> (A+B) - (C+D)

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8
Q

Why is the factorial design better then cognitive subtraction ?

A

-> Problem of interaction / pure insertion can be reduced

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9
Q

What is meant by conjunction analyis ?

A

-> focusing on commonalities instead of differences (filter out the differences

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10
Q

What is meant by Contrast analyis ?

A

-> focusing on differences instead of commonalities (filter out similarities)

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11
Q

What is mant by Parametric design ?

A
  • > increasing the cognitive demand (difficulty level) associated with a particular cognitive task
  • > The more the bold lvl changes in one area the more more necessray this area is
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12
Q

What are the benefits of the Parametric design?

A

-> No baseline is needed

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13
Q

What are the cons of the Parametric design ?

A

-> Increasing a parameter over a certain limit can involve recruiting other cognitive processes that are not necessarily present at lower levels

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14
Q

What is meant by functional intergration studies ?

A

-> Tries to identify how activity in different regions is interdependent

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15
Q

What is meant by the resting state Paradigm ?

A
  1. no task, just chill
  2. Change in brain activity is noise
  3. in brain regions that are functionally connected, the noise levels tend to correlate together -> can identify networks
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16
Q

Define the goal of the block design:

A
  • Where neuronal activity is located
17
Q

What is the method of the block design ?

A
  • > Stimuli that belong together in one condition are grouped together
  • > combine the bold reponse
18
Q

What are the Pros of the block design?

A
  • > More statistical power !!-> Bold signal is higher* / higher HRF magnitude
  • > SNR is high
  • > shorter
19
Q

what is the con of the block design ?

A
  • > Some events can not be blocked
  • > can not specify how a specific stimuli effects the bold activity
  • > Often confounding due to training effects and lack of attention / anticipation
20
Q

What is meant by the ISI ?

A
  • > inter stimulus interval
  • > Determine the onset of each stimuli
  • > Unimportant for Block design vs Very important for event related design
21
Q

What is the Method of the Event related design ?

A
  • > Stimuli that belong to different conditions are separated
  • > 3 Types
22
Q

What is meant by the SLOW ISI event releated design ?

A
  • > wait long enough for HRF to recover to the baseline (15 seconds)
  • > Clear bold repsonse but task would be way to long
23
Q

What is meant by the RAPID event releated design ? Also name pro and cons:

A

-> do not wait (smaller then 15 seconds
-> Usually use jittering = ISI varying between 2-6 seconds
BUT
-> Danger of Bias = Which means that the current HRF can be effected by previous HRF
-> Higher statistiacl power

24
Q

What is meant by the randome ISI event releated design ?

A

-> Radnome ISI intervals

25
Q

What are some benefits of evet related design ?

A
  • > more experimental designs are doable
  • > Less fatique / prediction
  • > more attention
  • > less sensitive to head motion
26
Q

What is the goal of the event related design ?

A

-> to identify differences in region of interest

27
Q

What are the con of event related design ?

A
  • > More noise due to bias
  • > Less statistical power
  • > Longer designs
28
Q

What is meant by behaviourly driven designs ?

A
  • > Used for measuring activity which can not be stimulated (patient has to do naothing)
  • > Example hallucination -> press button
  • > We measure the variation of bold response to spontaneous occurring signal
29
Q

What is meant by reverse inference ?

A

-> Mental states is inferred from brain activation

30
Q

Descripe characteristics of activation Maps:

A
  • > Colour

- > Or no colour

31
Q

What is meant by coloured areas in activation maps ?

A
  • > Areas surviving statistical threshold
  • > Areas are either non common areas -> contrasting between two conditions
  • > Or higher / greater / maximal activity -> in comparison to a certain baseline
32
Q

What is meant by non coloured areas in activation maps ?

A
  • > Either common areas between two conditions
  • > Non active areas
  • > Or non significant areas
33
Q

How do we construct an activation map ?

A

Within subject analysis / First lvl

Between subject analysis / Secon lvl

34
Q

What is happening during within subject analysis ?

A
  • > Use an active and a reference vector for comparing deviance in bold signal
  • > determined by threshold
35
Q

What is happening during between subject analysis ?

A
  • Activity is averaged across partcipants

- And a voxel based transformation starts (talairch 3 D model)

36
Q

How long does a block design go?

A

exceeds usually the hemodynamic response function ( between 15 - 30 Seconds)

37
Q

What does behaviorally controlled mean ?

A

-> In a task the person has to do something and report on it so we know that he actually doing it

38
Q

Explain jittering:

A
  • > The next stimuli is presented before the hemodynamic response goes back to baseline
  • > not a fixed time allways between 2-6s
  • > Based on lineraiy assumption
  • > decomposing the rapid event related design since we have multiple time frames

MC (9 decks)

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