Task 5 - Emotional Learning And Memory

Question 1

3 emotional response

Answer 1

1) physiological response
2) overt behavior
3) conscious feelings

Question 2

James - Lange’s theory

Answer 2

Emotional stimulus

• > bodily response (arousal)
• > conscious emotional feelings

Question 3

Modern emotional Theorie

-> 2 factor theory from Schachter and Singer

Answer 3

Emotional stimulus -> 
Cognitive assessment (context)  bodily response (arousal) -> conscious emotional feelings

Question 4

conditioned emotional response

Answer 4

• emotional learning is fast
• long-lasting and hard to extinguish
• easily reinstated

Question 5

Conditioned avoidance

Answer 5

• learning take action to avoid/escape a dangerous situation
• example of instrumental conditioning

Question 6

Lateral nucleus

Answer 6

• info from thalamus: fast but rough
• info from cortex: accurate but slow
• > seem to be the place for emotional learning
• > neural connections change as a result of experiencing a neutral CS paired with fear evoking US
• > LTP

Question 7

Central nucleus

Answer 7

• output for response
• physiological response via ANS
• behavioral repose via motor areas

Question 8

Lesions in central nucleus

Answer 8

-disrupt ability to learn and display new emotional responses

Question 10

Basolateral nucleus

Answer 10

• to cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus
• > controlling storage and retrieval
• facilitates learning in cortex and hippocampal region

Question 11

Centra - basolateral interaction

Answer 11

Central nucleus - ANS - adrenal glands (epinephrine) - brainstem nuclei (norepinephrine) - Basolateral Nucleus

• > basolateral nucleus activate some memory areas rhytmically (LTP)
• memories are vulnerable during Considlation/ Reconsolidation period

Question 12

Amygdala

Answer 12

• emotional response

Question 13

Hippocampus

Answer 13

-contextual learning

Question 14

Medial prefrontal cortex

Answer 14

• involved in extinction of CS- US association

- involved in emotional processing

Question 15

Hormonal effects

Answer 15

• stress hormones can improve memory
• effect depends on timing and intensity
• short delay -> strongest effect
• medium intensity -> stringiest effect

Question 16

Emotional arousal and episodic memory

Answer 16

-emotional arousal promotes encoding of contextual information -> causing info to be stored as episodic memory rather than semantic

Question 17

Role of norepinephrine

Answer 17

• increased norepinephrine in basolateral amygdala -> improves emotional learning
• disruption -> impairs

Question 18

Blocking stress hormones

Answer 18

-reduces ability of emotion to enhance memory

Question 19

Hippocampal lesions

Answer 19

• abolishing ability to form new episodic memory

- doesn’t prevent simple classical conditioning

Question 20

Amygdala lesions

Answer 20

• Hippocampal - dependent context learning normal

- disrupt leaning and expression of an emotional response

Question 21

Emotion and PFC

Answer 21

• frontal lobes maintain balance between too little and too much emotion
• help people read expression of emotion in others
• medial PFC processes emotional stimuli appropriate to context
• > tells amygdala not to bother

Question 22

Vulnerability to PTSD

Answer 22

• smaller than average Hippocampal volume -> twin studies

- Heightened amygdala reactions to negative emotional stimuli

Question 23

Flashbulb memories

Answer 23

-memory formed under conditions of extreme emotions that seems especially vivid and long lasting
-formed quickly
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