Task 4 - Techniques of scanning

Question 1

Invasive

Answer 1

Procedure that enters body

• > usually by cutting or puncturing skin
• > interrupts normal bodily function

Question 2

Non-Invasive

Answer 2

No break in the skin is created

Question 3

Density reflects..

Answer 3

Reflects the structure of the brain

Question 4

Blood flow reflects..

Answer 4

reflects metabolism of brain

Question 5

Electromagnetic activity reflects..

Answer 5

the electrical activity of brain

Question 6

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)

Answer 6

• noninvasive
• examine brain structure through analysis of X-ray absorption
• several positions around the head

Question 7

advantages of CAT

3

Answer 7

-quick
-accommondates large patiens
-high spatial resolution
(LOWER THAN MRI)
-option 3D

Question 8

disadvantages of CAT

2

Answer 8

• can damage DNA (bcs radiation)

- Medicore temporal Resolution

Question 9

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 9

• examine brain function
• info about blood flow and how our body’s using oxygen and sugar
• patients get radioactive bla injected into carotid artery

Question 10

Advantage of PET

3

Answer 10

-High spatial reso
-helps doc to test for disease, how well treatment are working
(Cancer, heart, brain)
-Alzheimer, Parkinsons, seizure, stroke tumors

Question 11

Image explanation of PET

Answer 11

– Each scan is a horizontal section

• during different cognitive or perceptual task
• Areas of high activity are reds and yellows.

Question 12

Disadvantage of PET

3

Answer 12

-low temporal resolution
(Lower than MRI but better than CT)
-Does not provide images of brain structure Resolved by combining PET with MRI
-body stays radioactive for a short time

Question 13

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Answer 13

• noninvasive
• stimulation of cortex through application of strong magnetic fields
• best scanning tech to treat depression

Question 14

Magnetic stimulation

Answer 14

created to induce small electric current (compared to EEG) in specific parts of the brain
-> without causing seizure or loss of consciousness

Question 15

pro TMS

Answer 15

-used to map behavior
-help with stroke rehabilitation
-parkinsoms
migraine, pain mamagement

Question 16

cons TMS

Answer 16

-Low spatial resolution
-middle temporal resolution
- discomfort during the procedure
might faint or have a seizure undergoing stimulation.
-confusion related to disruptions in cognition, hearing or vision

Question 17

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Answer 17

• passive and noninvasive
• Patiens wears helmet
• measures the tiny magnetic fields produced by active neurons
• identify regions that are active during a given task.
• localizes seizures in surgical treatments of epilepsy
• maps functional areas of brain (sensory motor, language, memo)

Question 18

Pro MEG

Answer 18

-exellent temporal reso (advantage over fMRI)
-3D
-MEG fields pass through the head without any distortion.
(Advantage over EEG).
-Direct measure of brain function.
(Advantage over fMRI (indirect))
-most advamced method

Question 19

Con MEG

Answer 19

lacks spatial resolutions

only magnetic signals near surface of brain can be recorded

Question 20

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 20

noninvasive

• uses magnetic energy to generate high-resolution images that reveal structural brain details
• used to detect anomalies in brain and spinal cord

Question 21

pro MRI

Answer 21

-doesnt use radiation
-More detailed than CT scan->3D
High spatial resolution

Question 22

con MRI

Answer 22

• difficult for ppl with metal in body
• size limits
• no temporal reso