Task 2 Creativity

Question 1

Creativity

Answer 1

The ability to combine new ideas in ways that are novel and useful.

Question 2

P-creativity

Answer 2

Personal creativity: Creativity that is new to the creator.

Question 3

H-creativity

Answer 3

Historical creativity: Creativity that is new to the whole culture

Question 4

Combinatorial creativity

Answer 4

Producing novel combinations of familiar ideas (e.g. machine combines different foods and spices for chefs to cook)

Question 5

Exploratory creativity

Answer 5

Exploring conceptual space within a set of rules (often culturally accepted rules)

Question 6

Transformational creativity

Answer 6

Tranforming conceptual space by adding new dimensions or dropping constraints
(But: Problem of Transer for AI)

Question 7

Neural Network

Answer 7

A structure of artificial neurons or nodes that process an input to create an output using algorythms/rules.

Question 8

Defocused attention

Answer 8

When attention is defocused activation more equally spread among large number of nodes –> Creative

Question 9

Blind variation and selective retention (BVSR)

Answer 9

- The random associative generation
of ideas (blind variation) occurs within the DMN
- Evaluating blind variations
(selective retention) happens in the executive control areas of the brain

Question 10

Associative hierachies

Answer 10

Flat associative hierachy –> Creative, because more nodes active to smaller degree
Steep associative hierachy –> More sterotypical, because only few nodes highly active

Question 11

Primary process thinking and secondary process thinking

Answer 11

Primary: Analogical, autistic and free associative –> More creative
Secondary: Abstract, logical, goal-oriented, realistic

Question 12

Simulated annealing

Answer 12

• Fluctuating between high/low arousal states until the optimal state is reached. (Analogy to temperature)
• Try to excape local minimum by adding noise, raise temp., increase energy (Randomness)
• Gradually cool down to reach the global minimum (Minimal energy state)

Question 13

Klondike analogy

Answer 13

Finding creative solution = finding gold

1. Rarity problem
2. Isolation problem
3. Oasis problem
4. Plateau problem

Question 14

Creative process

Answer 14

1. Preparation
2. Incubation
3. Illumination
4. Elaboration

Question 15

Challenges for creativity

Answer 15

1. Accumulation
2. Reflection
3. Transfer