Task 1 - Personality Flashcards
Big Five
(OCEAN) Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Neuroticism Openness
Types of personality data
S Data
L Data
I Data
B Data
S Data
self-report data
L Data
Life data, bio data (physiological stuff)
I Data
Informant report data, experimenter not there (e.g. friend, relative)
B Data
Behavior data, natural or lab setting
-> direct observation by experimenter
Self-Reports
Askin series of questions about own actions, thoughts, and feelings in various situations
- > structured, objective
- > most widely used
Observer Reports
Asking someone about behaviors, thoughts and feelings of another person (has to know the person)
-> might be more objective than self-report
Direct observations
Observing a person’s behavior directly
- > can be done in naturalistic setting
- > requires more resources
Biodata/Life data
Obtaining records on a pereson’s life possibly relevant to personality
e. .g phone bill, GPA
- > objective indicators, though validity unclear
Interrater reliabiltiy
overlap of judgment between observers observing the same people at the same time
Convergent validity
Overlap between different information of observers
-> e.g. observe person at different times/circumstances)
Divergent validity
Testing different things should not be related
-> constructs must be uncorrelated with theoretically correlated measures
Self-report share
98% of trait studies use self-report measures,
only measure in 70%
-> quick, cheap, easy to administer
-> but response bias
Informant Reports Pros & Cons
+: reliability increased since different individuals report, less bias since not talking about yourself
-: needs more resources
Behavioral Measures Pros & Cons
+: possible in lab and natural setting, objective
-: link between behavior and personality trait may not be direct
Multiple Method Approaches
Using mixture of multiple method to get most accurate personality assessment
-> improves construct validity
Self-Knowledge of Personality
Accuracy of self-perception about how one typically thinks, feels, and behaves
- > also awareness about how those patterns are interpreted by others
- > subject to biases
Meta-accuracy
Correspondence between people’s beliefs about the impressions they make (meta-perception) and others’ actual impressions
-> slightly more valid than own beliefs about oneself
Accuracy of people’s self-knowledge
People have moderately accurate self-perceptions: do not lack any self-knowledge entirely, but also not totally accurate
Generalized meta-accuracy
People’s awareness of their reputation
Dyadic meta-accuracy
People’s awareness of the impressions they make on specific individuals
-> requires greater social acuity
Interactionist view
Assumes that people interact with their environment to make it suit them
-> e.g. some personality trait levels can be reasonably accurately inferred from own room (e.g. conscientiousness, openess)
Electronically Active Recorder)
Records small audio snippet in certain time intervals
-> allows objective and unobtrusive insight into behavior
-> subtle signs can be recorded,
unobtrusive health indicators can be recorded
-> recordings can be reused (e.g. different experimenter)
