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arabic > tasheel un nahw > Flashcards

tasheel un nahw Flashcards

1
Q

what is nahw

A

a science which teaches
- to join a noun, verb, and particle to form a correct sentence
- the iraab (condition) of the last letter of a word should be

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2
Q

what is the subject matter

A

kalimah (word)

kalam (sentence)

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3
Q

what is the objective

A

immediate: to read, write, and speak arabic correctly

mid term: to understand qur’an, hadeeth, fiqh, and other sciences

ultimate: to gain pleasure of Allah swt

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4
Q

what is kalimah

A

a word

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5
Q

what is lafz

A

any word uttered by humans

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6
Q

what are the two types of lafz

A
  1. meaningful (mow doa)
  2. meaningless (muhmil)
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7
Q

what are the two types of meaningful words

A
  1. singular (mufrad)
  2. compound (murakab)
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8
Q

what is a mufrad

A

a singular meaningful word

conveys one meaning

also called kalimah

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9
Q

what are the 3 types of kalimah

A
  1. noun (ism)
  2. verb (fi’l)
  3. particle (harf)
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10
Q

what is an ism

A

a kalimah whose meaning can be understood without the need to combine it with another word

it does not have any tense

it is the name of a place, person or thing

it can never have a tanween or an ال at the same time

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11
Q

what is a fi’l

A

a kalimah whose meaning can be understood without the need to combine it with another word

it has one of the three tenses - past, present, or future

it denotes an action

it can never have a tanween or an ال

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12
Q

what is a harf

A

particle

a kalimah whose meaning cannot be understood without joining an ism or a fi’l or both to it

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13
Q

what are the types of ism

A
  1. jaamid (primary): neither derived from another word nor is any word derived from it
    eg horse, girl
  2. masdar (root): from which many words are derived
    eg to hit, to help
  3. mushtaq (derived): derived from a masdar
    eg hitter, the helped
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14
Q

what are the types of fi’l

A
  1. maadi (past tense)
    eg he hit
  2. mudari (present and future tense)
    eg he is hitting or will hit
  3. amr (positive command)
    eg hit!
  4. nahi (negative command)
    eg don’t hit!
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15
Q

what are the types of particles

A
  1. amil (causative): causes iraab change in the word after it
  2. ghayr amil (non causative): does not cause iraab change in the word after it
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16
Q

what is a murakab

A

a group of meaningful words (compound)

may form a complete or incomplete sentence

17
Q

what are the types of murakab

A
  1. complete (murakab mowfeedun)
  2. incomplete (murakab ghair mowfeedun)
18
Q

what is murakab mowfeedun

A

a complete sentence

also called murakab taam

referred to as kalam

19
Q

what is a murakab ghair mowfeedun

A

an incomplete sentence

also called a murakab nakis

referred to as phrase

20
Q

what is a jumla

A

complete sentence

21
Q

what is a murakab

A

incomplete sentence or phrase

22
Q

what are the two types of sentences

A
  1. jumla khabariyya
  2. jumla inshaiyya
23
Q

what is jumla khabariyya

A

sentence that has the possibility of being true or false

24
Q

what is jumla khabariyya

A

sentence that does not have the possibility of being true or false

there are two types:
1. nominal sentence (jumla ismaiyya khabariyya)
2. verbal sentence (jumla fi’liyya khabariyya)

25
Q

what is jumla ismaiyya khabariyya

A

nominal sentence: a sentence which begins with a noun

first part: mubtada (subject) or musnad ilayhi (the word about which info is being given),

second part: khabar (predicate) or musnad (the word giving the info)

mubtada is mar’rifa; khabar is nakira

both parts are marfoo (end in dammah/dammahtain)

26
Q

what is jumla fi’liyya khabariyya

A

verbal sentence: a sentence which begins with a verb

first part: fil or musnad

second part: fa’il or musnad ilayhi

second part is always marfoo

27
Q

what is jumla insha’iyya

A

there are ten types:
1. al amr (positive command)
2. an nahi (negative command)
3. al istifham (interrogative)
4. at tamani (desire)
5. at tarji (hope)
6. an nida (exclamation)
7. al ard (request, offer)
8. al qasm (oath)
9. at ta’ajub (amazement)
10. al uqud (transaction)

28
Q

fi’l muta’adi

A

a verb whose meaning cannot be fully understood without a mafool

29
Q

what are the types of phrases

A
  1. descriptive phrase (murakab towseefi)
  2. possessive phrase (murakab idafi)
  3. demonstrative phrase (murakab ishari)
  4. numerical phrase (murakab bina’i)
  5. indeclinable phrase (murakab manu sarf)
30
Q

what are the signs of a noun

A
  1. it is preceded by al
  2. it accepts jarr
  3. there is tanween on last letter
  4. it ends with ة
  5. it is a dual
  6. it is a plural
  7. it is a musnad ilayhi (mubtada or fail)
31
Q

fi’l lazim

A

a verb whose meaning can be understood without a mafool

eg جَلَسَ زَد

32
Q

murakab towseefi

A

descriptive phrase

  • it is a phrase in which one word describes the other
  • sifat: describing word
  • mowseef: object being described
  • mowseef and sifaat correspond in four things: i’raab, gender, number, being ma’rifa/nakirah
33
Q

murakab idafi

A

possessive phrase

  • a phrase in which the first word (mudaaf) is attributed to the second word (mudaaf ilayhi)
  • mudaaf (possessed)
  • mudaaf ilayhi (possessor)
  • mudaaf never accepts alif laam, tanween, or the nun of dual or plural
  • mudaaf ilayhi is always majroor (ends in kasrah/kasrahtain)
  • i’raab of mudaaf will be according to the amil governing it
34
Q

can more than one mudaaf and mudaaf ilayhi be found in one single phrase

A

yes

35
Q

can mudaaf have a sifat

A

yes

sifat should come immediately after mudaaf ilayhi

with an alif laam

and have the same i’raab as that of the mudaaf

36
Q

can mudaaf ilayhi have a sifat

A

yes

sifat should come immediately after mudaaf ilayhi

it should correspond to mudaaf ilayhi in the four aspects (i’raab, number, gender, being ma’rifa/nakira)

37
Q

murakab ishari

A

demonstrative phrase

  • it is a phrase in which one noun (ismul ishara) points towards another (musharan ilayhi)
  • musharan ilayhi must have an alif laam
  • if it does not have an alif laam then it would be a complete sentence

eg
ٰهذَا الرَجُلُ (this man)

ٰهذَا رَجُلُ (this is a man) > jumla ismiyyah

38
Q

murakab binai

A

numerical phrase

  • it is a phrase in which two numerals are joined to form a single word (number)
  • this phrase is found only in numbers 11-19
  • a harf orginally linked the two
  • both parts of the phrase will always be maftooh (end in kasra)
  • exception: 12, as for 12 the second part is always maftooh but the first part changes
  • thus in rafah state it will be ithna ashara (alif at the end of first part)
  • however in nasb and jarr state it will be ithnay ashara (yaa at the end of first part)
39
Q

murakab manu sarf

A

indeclinable phrase

  • a phrase in which two words are joined to form a single word
  • the first part is always maftooh (ends in fatha)
  • the second part changes according to amil

eg حَضَرَمَوْتُ a name of place in yemen

arabic (8 decks)

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