Targeted Therapy

Question 1

Name the 5 basic classes of antineoplastic drugs

Answer 1

Alkylating agents
Antimetabolites
Plant alkaloids
Hormone and antagonists
Targeted Therapy

Question 2

Name 3 alkylating agents

Answer 2

Melphalan
Chlorambucil
Cyclophosphamide

Question 3

Name an antimetabolite

Answer 3

Methotrexate

Question 4

Name 2 plant alkaloids

Answer 4

Taxanes

Vinca alkaloids

Question 5

Name 2 hormones and antagonists

Answer 5

Anti-oestrogens

Anti-androgens

Question 6

Name 2 targeted therapies

Answer 6

Monoclonal antibodies

Small tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Question 7

What are the 2 best targets for cancer therapy

Answer 7

1- found in cancer cells but not normal

2- more targets in cancer than normal (eg gene amplification)

Question 8

Define targeted cancer therapies

Answer 8

Drugs or other substances that block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific molecules involved in tumour growth and progression

Question 9

Name 2 intracellular pathways signalled by tyrosine kinases

Answer 9

P13 kinase pathway

MAPK pathway

Question 10

Describe the action of antibodu of inhibitors of growth receptors

Answer 10

Bind to growth factors receptor and prevent growth signal

Question 11

Describe the action of antibody-drug conjugatres

Answer 11

Targets drug to tumour cells

Question 12

What syllable do all monoclonal antibodies end in

Answer 12

mab

Question 13

What does it mean if the next to last syllable of a mab is u

Answer 13

Human

Question 14

What does it mean if the next to last syllable of a mab is zu

Answer 14

Humanised

Question 15

What does it mean if the next to last syllable is xi

Answer 15

Chimeric

Question 16

What does it mean if the next to last syllable is o, a, e and u

Answer 16

o= mouse 
a= rat
e= hampster
i= primate

Question 17

How do drugs that target growth factor receptors work?

Answer 17

Inhibits growth factor signalling that is mediated with tyrosine kinase
Results in arrest in tumour growth

Question 18

Name 2 drugs that target epidermal growth factor receptor

Answer 18

Cetuximab

Panitumumab

Question 19

Name a drug that targets HER2 (ErbB2)

Answer 19

Trastuzumab

Question 20

Name a drug that targets HER3

Answer 20

Pertuzumab

Question 21

Name a drug that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

Answer 21

Bevacizumab

Question 22

How do antibodies access tumour cells

Answer 22

Vessels are leaky so small and large molecules can access tissue
Tumour tissue doesn’t have lymphatic drainage so macromolecules are retained

Question 23

How do some monoclonal antibodies kill the tumour cell directly

Answer 23

Signalling blocked
Apoptosis induced
Possible delivery of toxic payload

Question 24

How do monocloonal antibodies kill tumour cells via immune mediated mechanism

Answer 24

Induce phagocytosis
Complement dependent cytotoxicity
Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity

Question 25

How do monoclonal antibodies work by vascular or stromal ablation

Answer 25

Possible delivery of toxic payload

VEGF antagonism

Question 26

In what percentage of breast cancers overexpress HER2

Answer 26

15%