Cancer biology Flashcards
Do more people die of prostate or breast cancer
Prostate
Name the distinguishing hallmarks of cancer cells (7)
- Growth signals not required
- Don’t respond to growth inhibition signals
- Evades apoptosis
- Defect in DNA repair
- Cells immortal
- Metastasise
- Angiogenesis
Do proto-oncogenes act by loss of gain of function?
Gain
Name 4 potential ‘gains of function’ a proto-oncogene can experience
Translocation or transpostion
Gene amplification
Point mutation in control element
Point mutation in gene
What specific molecular change happens in BCL2 mutation and what does this cause?
Translocation/ transpostion causing proto-oncogenes to gain function
Follicular lymphoma
What specific molecular changes happens in ErbB2 or HER2 mutations and what does this cause
Gene amplification
Breast cancer
What specific molecular changes happen in c-Fos and what does this cause
Point mutation within a control element
Skin cancer
What specific molecular change happens in c-H-ras and what does it cause
Point mutation within the gene (GGC to CTG)
Bladder cancer
Name 5 classes of oncogene
Growth factors Growth factor receptors Signal-transduction proteins Transcription factors Anti-apoptotic proteins
What 4 things can be caused by EGFR overexpression (signalling molecule mutation)
Colorectal cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Lung cancer
Non small cell lung cancer
What 4 things can be caused by Ras mutation
Pancreatic cancer
Papillary thyroid cancer
Colon cancer
Non-small cell lung cancer
What 3 things can be caused by B-Raf mutation
Melanoma
Papillary thyroid cancer
Colon cancer
Function of Bax?
Anti-apoptotic
Function of p53?
Prevents cell from leaving G1
Do tumour suppressor geens act by loss of gain of function?
Loss
