Surgery Flashcards
What 3 forms of diagnosis can be used to confirm a case of cancer?
Histological diagnosis
Invasive diagnosis
Imaging
5 roles of surgery for cancer
- Diagnostic
- Curative
- Staging
- Palliative
- Reconstructive
Give 3 examples of diagnostic surgery for cancers
- Laparoscopy prior to gastric cancer
- Excision of lymph node to guide neoadjuvant treatment
- Access for excision biopsy
What is the aim of surgery if the cancer is localised
To remove the solid tumour with clear margins
How is a margin defined post surgery
Histological confirmation that there is a good length of health tissue from microscopically visible cancer cells
What are the 4 principles of curative surgery
1) Localised cancer removal
2) Balance between removing all cancer and removing healthy tissue
3) Avoid morbidity by maintaining function
4) Ensure quality of life acceptable to patient
How is breast conserving surgery carried out?
Wide guided excision of tumours
Tumour bed radiation to reduce recurrence
Systemic treatment with chemotherapy/ hormonal/ biological therapy
What are the preferred outcomes of breast conserving surgery
Reduced morbitity
Better quality of life
Reduced recurrence
Prolonged disease free survival
3 treatment options for colorectal cancer
Colectomy and anastomisis with temporary stoma
Colectomy with permenant stoma
Colectomy without a stoma
Why is laparoscopic surgery preferable than open
- Less pain so faster recovery
Reduced complications such as herniation, infection, ileus
Reduced hospital stay
5 ways that surgery can be used in palliative treatment
Evaluation of extent of disease Control of locoregional spread Control of fungating tumour Control of pain Surgical reconstruction
3 examples of reconstructive surgery in cancer treatment
Reversal of stoma
Breast reconstruction
Flaps and skin grafting
