Tanzania

Question 1

Tanganyika

Answer 1

Obtained independence through peaceful means from Britain

Question 2

African socialism

Answer 2

Nyerere applied socialist economic policies called Ujamaa
Wanted TZN to become self-reliant
Wanted to promote nation-building and economic development
1963: Tanzania became a one-party-state

Question 3

Arusha declaration

Answer 3

1967: Arusha declaration laid down socialist principles on which Tanzanian policy would be based.

Question 4

Features of Ujamaa

Answer 4

Economy controlled by state
State took ownership of land, companies and banks
Government officials couldn’t be involved in private business dealings
Focus on development in rural areas
Collectivisation - farmers forced to relocate to large villages
Villages owned land and shared resources

Question 5

Achievements of Ujamaa

Answer 5

People gained access to education and healthcare by living on collective farms
There were intensive literacy campaigns in rural areas
Little corruption as officials had to follow Arusha declaration
Women became involved in politics

Question 6

Weaknesses of Ujamaa

Answer 6

Forced removal of people was unpopular particularly to wealthy farmers
Decline in agricultural production = economic collapse
When Nyerere stepped down (1985) Tanzania was the poortest, least developed and most foreign-aid dependent nation in the world
Ideals of socialism and self-reliance not achieved
Officials had to agree to conditions laid down by IMF in return for financial aid