Talocrural (ankle) Joint Flashcards
What is the classification of the talocrural joint?
Hinge joint
What Bones/articulations are in the talk crural joint
Mortise (tib & fib) and Tenon (Talus)
What are the additional features of the ankle (bursae/meniscus)?
Retinaculae - Flexor, perineal + superior and inferior extensor.
Describe the capsule of the Talocrural joint…
- Fibrous capsule completely surrounds joint and attaches to post. aspect of the post. tib-fib ligament.
- Capsule is thin anteriorly and posteriorly to allow movement.
- Capsule is strengthened laterally by collateral ligaments.
Describe the role of the synovial membrane in the talocrural joint…
- Lines capsule
- produces synovial fluid which; nourishes cartilage and removes waste + reduces friction.
What are the medial ligaments of the Talocrural joint?
- Posterior and anterior tibiotalar ligaments (deep and largely hidden)
- Tibiocalcaneal ligament and tibionavicular ligament (superficial)
What are the lateral ligaments of the Talocrural joint?
- Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
- Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)
- Calacaneofibular ligament (CFL)
Degrees of Freedom
- One
What movements are available at the Talocrural joints?
Plantar flexion and dorsi flexion
Which muscles are responsible for plantar flexion at the talocrural joint and which nerve are they innervated by?
Deep:
1) Tibialis Posterior
2) Flexor digitorum longus (Tom, Dick & Harry)
3) Flexor hallucis longus
Superficial:
1) Gastrocnemius
2) Soleus
3) Plantaris
ALL innervated by the Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)
Which muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint and which nerve innervates them?
1) Tibialis anterior
2) Extensor Hallucis longus
3) Extensor Digitorum Longus
ALL innervated by deep peroneal (Sciatic) (L4-5, S1)
What is the origin, insertion and action of the tibialis posterior?
Origin: Interosseous membrane and adjacent margins of tib/fib.
Insertion: Navicular tuberosity; medial cuniform; bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals.
Action: Plantarflexion of talocrural joint; inversion of subtalar joint.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the flexor digitorum longus?
Origin: Middle 1/3 of post. surface of tibia
Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th digits.
Action: Plantarflexion of talocrural
Inversion of sub-talar
Plantar flexion of metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th digits.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the flexor hallucis longs?
Origin: Interosseous membrane & distal 2/3 of post. surface of fibula.
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of 1st toe.
Action: Plantar flexion of talocrural; inversion of sub-talar; plantar flexion of metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of 1st toe.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Soleus?
Origin: Post surface of the proximal fibula and solar line of tibia.
Insertion: Dorsum of calcaneus via calcanea (achilles) tendon.
Action: Plantar flexion of the talocrural joint; and foot.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Gastrocnemuis?
Origin:
(Medial head) Femur and medial femoral condyle superiorly
(Lateral head) Femur and lateral femoral condyle superiorly
Common insertion: Dorsum of calcaneus via calcanea (achilles) tendon.
Action: Plantar flexion of the talocrural joint; flexion of the knee.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Plantaris?
Origin: Lateral condyle of the femur
Insertion: Dorsum of the calcaneus, medial to the calcaneal (achilles) tendon.
Action: Plantar flexion of the talocrural; flexion of the knee.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Tibialis anterior?
Origin: Lateral proximal tibia; interosseous membrane and the superficial crural fascia.
Insertion: Medial surface of the medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal.
Action: Dorsiflexion of talocrural; inversion of subtalar.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Extensor hallucis longus?
Origin: Medial surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane.
Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx and the dorsal aponeurosis of the 1st digit.
Action: Dorsiflexion of the talocrural
(supports supination/pronation of subtalar)
Extension of metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of 1st digit.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the Extensor digitorum longus?
Origin: Head and anterior margin of the fibula; lateral condyle of tibia; interosseous membrane.
Insertion: Bases and dorsal aponeuroses of the lateral four digits via the extensor expansion.
Action: Dorsiflexion of the talocrural joint; eversion of subtalar joint; Extension of metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5.
What is the blood supply of the Talocrural joint?
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
