Neuro - Muscle tone and length Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of muscle tone?

A
  • Sufficient tension to allow movement but maintain stability
  • Ability to maintain posture and balance
  • Varies with posture and movement.
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2
Q

Describe the primary differences (r.e tone) between UMN and LMN disorders…

A
  • UMN = high tone

- LMNN = low tone

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3
Q

What are the clinical presentations of UMN syndrome?

A
  • Weakness
  • Spasticity
  • Secondary adaptive muscle and soft-tissue changes.
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4
Q

What is the basic mechanism behind phasic spasticity?

A
  • Increased excitatory connections and decreased inhibitory connections
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5
Q

What characteristics are likely to be observed in a person who has an UMN lesion?

A
  • Abnormal posture
  • Difficulty moving in an effective way
  • Resistance to passive movement
  • Muscle and joint contractures (deformity)
  • Pain (can increase spasticity)
  • Spasms/clonus
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6
Q

What extrinsic factors could affect muscle tone?

A
  • Posture (BoS and CoG)
  • Temperature
  • Visual or auditory stimuli (affect alert state)
  • Emotional states e.g. Anxiety
  • Medical factors e.g. UTI’s, increased sensory stimuli etc.
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7
Q

What is the main determinant of muscle length?

A
  • Sarcomere length and amount.
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8
Q

Name some other contributors to joint/muscle stiffness…

A
  • Immobilisation of muscles (increased collagen:muscle ratio) in a shortened position ONLY.
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