talk time Flashcards
Do we become different people when we speak different languages?
- speak different languages
- become different people
…. as a simple tool for ….
Language is often seen as a simple tool for communication.
- as a tool
- as a simple tool
- as a simple tool for
but in reality, ……
Language is often seen as a simple tool for communication, but in reality, it is far more than that.
- far /fɑː/ adverb
: by a great distance. - it is far more than that.
It shapes the way we think.
- the way we think
- shape the way we think
It shapes the way we feel.
- the way we feel
- shape the way we feel
It shapes the way we interact with the world.
- the way we interact with
- shape the way interact with
- interact with the world
- For many of us, …
- For many of multilingual speakers, ….
…. switch between languages…
switch /swɪtʃ/ verb
1. change the position, direction, or focus of.
It can feel like stepping into a different version of yourself.
- It can feel like …..
- step into
- a version of yourself
- a different version of yourself
Some describe feeling more outgoing in English.
- some = some people
- outgoing /ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adjective
: friendly and socially confident. - in English / in Spanish / in German
your native language
mother tongue
This is simply an illusion.
- illusion /ɪˈl(j)uːʒn/ noun
: an instance of a wrong or misinterpreted perception of a sensory experience.
ادراک اشتباه یا تفسیر نادرست از یک تجربه حسی. - A delusion of grandeur: is a false or unusual belief about one’s power, wealth, talents, and other traits. A person may believe that he is famous, he can end world wars, or he is immortal.
- The illusion of knowledge: is a cognitive bias involving a person feeling as though they know more or understand better than what their actual knowledge allows them to assert
It has the power to change who we are.
The cultural influence of ……….
- The emotional influence of …….
- The political influence of …
The cultural influence of language.
- One of the most obvious ways ..
- One of the most obvious ways language affects personality is through culture.
……..یکی از واضح ترین راه ها
- affect /əˈfɛkt/ verb
: have an effect on; make a difference to. - effect /ɪˈfɛkt/
- affect sth through … : affect personality through culture
- through culture / through politics /
- a set of …..
- a set of social norms.
مجموعه ای از هنجارهای اجتماعی - a set of unspoken rules
- a set of expectations
- unspoken rules
When we learn a language, …
- learn a language
When we memorize vocabulary and grammar …
- memorize vocabulary
- memorize grammar
We are also absorbing an entire cultural framework.
- absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ verb
1. take in or soak up (energy or a liquid or other substance) by chemical or physical action.
“buildings can be designed to absorb and retain heat”
جذب کردن - absorb cultural framework
Take English, for example.
برای مثال انگلیسی را در نظر بگیرید.
- Take …. , for example
English is often seen as an informal and flexible language.
- an informal language
- a flexible language
encouraging casual conversations even in professional settings.
- casual conversations
- setting /ˈsɛtɪŋ/ noun
plural noun: settings
1. the place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place. - in professional settings
It is perfectly acceptable to ………….
It is perfectly acceptable to call your professor or boss by their first name.
- professor /prəˈfɛsə/ noun
1. a university academic of the highest rank - call someone by their first name.
Speak in a direct, almost blunt manner.
- a direct manner
- Speak in a direct manner
- a blunt manner
- Speak in a blunt manner
blunt = direct = saying what you think without trying to be polite or caring about other people’s feelings
Depending on whom you are speaking to …….
- whom /huːm/ pronoun
used instead of ‘who’ as the object of a verb or preposition.
“whom did he marry?”
It can influence how a person behaves in different situations.
- in different situations
You might feel more relaxed.
- feel more relaxed
A multilingual speaker might feel more confident.
- a multilingual speaker
: able to use more than two languages for communication - feel more confident
You might feel more cautious and reserved.
- feel cautious
: very careful about what you do or say and unwilling to take risks because you want to avoid possible problems - feel reserved
you’re polite, you have a lot of self-control, and you don’t show your feelings
opposite:
loudmouth
/ˈlaʊdmaʊθ/ noun informal
a person who tends to talk too much in an offensive way.
strict social rules.
- Social rules are specific behaviors expected to be followed by each member of a culture or society.
- strict /strɪkt/ adjective
= uncompromising
/ʌnˈkɒmprəmʌɪzɪŋ/
adjective
over time, …
- Over time: refers to the passing of time
- overtime: /ˈəʊvətʌɪm/ noun
1. time worked in addition to one’s normal working hours.
اضافه کاری
You are acting differently.
Beyond culture, ……
Beyond culture, language also affects cognition.
Studies suggest that ……….
Studies suggest that speaking a different language can change how we process information.
Studies suggest that speaking a different language can change how we process information.
- process information
- how we process information
Studies suggest that speaking a different language can change how we make decisions.
- make decisions
- how we make decisions
A famous study found that …
Studies show that …..
A famous study by the University of Chicago found that people tend to make more rational choices when thinking in a foreign language.
- A famous study
- A famous study by
- the University of Chicago - - found that
- make choices
- make rational choices
- make more rational choices
- thinking in a foreign language
- a foreign language
This is because…
This is because a second language creates a slight psychological distance- it forces us to slow down, analyze our words carefully.
- a second language
- slight /slʌɪt/ adjective
small in degree; inconsiderable.
= tiny - a slight distance
- a slight psychological distance
- force us
- slow down
- analyze words
-analyze words carefully
detach from sth
It detaches from instinctive emotional reactions.
- detach /dɪˈtatʃ/ verb
separate - instinctive reactions
Imagine ……..
Imagine you are offered a gamble.
- gamble /ˈɡambl/ noun
1. an act of gambling.
“Dad likes a bit of a gamble”
a 50% chance of winning
take a risk
….. rather than relying on gut feelings.
- rely on
- gut feeling noun
plural noun: gut feelings
: a feeling or reaction based on an instinctive emotional response rather than considered thought.
In today’s hyper-connected world, social media gives everyone a voice.
- In today’s hyper-connected world
- give everyone a voice.
“a public backlash against racism”
backlash
/ˈbaklaʃ/
noun
1. a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, especially to a social or political development.
What does it mean to struggle with something?
:
to try very hard to do, achieve, or deal with something that is difficult or that causes problems
They hesitate to seek help.
hesitate
/ˈhɛzɪteɪt/
verb
pause in indecision before saying or doing something.
mental health problems are hardly ever seen as legitimate medical conditions.
legitimate
adjective
/lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət
able to be defended with logic or justification; valid.
“a legitimate excuse for being late”
= cogent /ˈkəʊdʒ(ə)nt/ = logical
this game is crucial to our survival.
Raising awareness about mental health is crucial for reducing stigma.
crucial
/ˈkruːʃl/
of great importance.
- is crucial for
- Raising awareness
- Raising awareness about
- reduce stigma.
Raising awareness about mental health is crucial for encouraging early intervention.
Pupils are encouraged to be creative.
encourage
/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ,ɛnˈkʌrɪdʒ/
persuade (someone) to do or continue to do something by giving support and advice.
Early intervention: is an activity aimed at halting the development of a problem which is already evident.
halt /hɔːlt/ = stop
Raising awareness about mental health is crucial for promoting overall well-being.
promote
/prəˈməʊt/
raise (someone) to a higher position or rank = elevate
/ˈɛlɪveɪt/
- overall well-being.
- overall = generally = all-inclusive
/ˌɔːlɪnˈkluːsɪv/ = including everything or everyone.
mental health are common and treatable.
The infection is treatable with antibiotics.
treatable
/ˈtriːtəbl/
adjective
able to be healed or cured, especially medically.
The impact of technology and AI on the job market is evolving rapidly.
- the impact of …. on
- job market
- evolve
- evolve rapidly
Certain jobs are becoming more lucrative, while others face decline or even obsolescence.
- lucrative
- face decline
-obsolescence
The impact of technology and AI on the job market is evolving rapidly. Certain jobs are becoming more lucrative, while others face decline or even obsolescence.
Here’s a breakdown of both sides based on current trends.
- breakdown of
- based on
- current trends
High-Demand Jobs in the Future:
High-Paying Jobs in the Future:
As AI becomes a cornerstone of various industries, the demand for professionals who can develop, implement, and maintain AI models will rise.
- becomes a cornerstone
- various industries
- the demand for … will rise.
- implement AI
On the other hand, companies capitalize on this by promoting the false belief that buying new products is necessary to maintain one’s dignity, particularly through advertising on social media platforms
- capitalize
ˈkapədlˌīz
: take the chance to gain advantage from. - by promoting
- promote: actively encourage
- promote a belief
- false belief
- … is necessary to …
- maintain one’s dignity
- on social media platforms
For instance, they purchase expensive clothes instead of paying off their outstanding debts or saving money.
- pay off: pay a debt in full.
- outstanding debts
In conclusion, in this era of modern technology, the influence of social media on our decision-making is inevitable, and it tempts people to buy more and more, even things they truly do not need.
- In conclusion,
- in this era of modern technology
- decision-making
- influence of … on …
- inevitable: unavoidable
- truly: in a way that expresses the truth; honestly.
In the coming decades, a YouTuber focusing on scientific subjects like psychology, physiology, and neurology has the potential to earn significant income
- In the coming decades,
- a YouTuber
- has the potential
- earn significant income
