prefirst 2 Flashcards
It helps people grow personally and emotionally
help people
help me
help grow personally
help grow emotionally
play a role in breaking routine.
It plays a crucial role in breaking routine.
play a role in:
Involved in it and have an effect on it.
- routine
- breake routine
Adventure
Travel
/ədˈvɛn(t)ʃə/
noun
an unusual and exciting or daring experience.
creating unforgettable experiences
unforgettable:
ˌʌnfəˈɡɛtəbl/
impossible to forget; very memorable
create experiences
face a significant challenge
significant = notable /ˈnəʊtəbl/ = remarkable =
worthy of attention or notice
- a significant challenge
- face a challenge
- overcome a challenge:
/ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/
succeed in dealing with (a problem or difficulty).
and how did you overcome it?
overcome a challenge
traveling to culturally diverse destinations
- travel to ….
- diverse: /dʌɪˈvəːs/
including or involving people from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds and of different genders, sexual orientations, etc. - diverse destinations
- perspective: /pəˈspɛktɪv/ = a point of view:
change your perspective on life
change perspective
change perspective on sth
Do you believe ……….. is a luxury or a necessity?
Do you believe travel/ shopping/ eating out is a luxury or a necessity?
- luxury : /ˈlʌkʃ(ə)ri/ = opulence
- necessity /nɪˈsɛsɪti/ = indispensable
/ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbl/ = absolutely necessary.
- in today’s world
- These days
- recently
- In today’s interconnected world,
Interconnected:
adj
/ˌɪntəkəˈnɛktɪd/
به هم پیوسته
Modern technology has transformed the way we plan and experience travel.
Modern technology
Modern slavery
- transform /trɑːnsˈfɔːm/ = convert /kənˈvəːt/ = make a marked change in the form, nature, or appearance of.
- plan travel
Do you think …….is a realistic goal?
- realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ =
pragmatic /praɡˈmatɪk/ - goal = aim = target
Do you think sustainable tourism is a realistic goal?
sustainable tourism
sustainable /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/
- sustainable tourism:
tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities”.
How can ….. change your perspective on …….?
How can traveling to culturally diverse destinations change your perspective on life?
How did….. change your perspective on …….?
How did traveling to culturally diverse destinations change your perspective on life?
What role does … play in…?
What role does adventure play In breaking routine?
What role does social media play in today’s world?
How can….change……..?
How can traveling to culturally diverse destinations change your perspective on life?
It is just a marketing strategy.
Can ….. ever become dangerous?
can adventure tourism ever become dangerous?
- become dangerous
- draw the line: set a limit on what one is willing to do or accept.
in terms of personal growth
- in terms of: از نظرِ
- personal growth
solo travel compare to traveling with friends
- solo travel
solo /ˈsəʊləʊ/ = unaccompanied
/ˌʌnəˈkʌmp(ə)nɪd/ = done by one person alone - compare to
How do you think ……….. have evolved?
How do you think science have evolved over the years?
How do you think people’s reasons for traveling have evolved over the years?
- over the years: for a long period of time
- evolve: /ɪˈvɒlv/ verb
develop gradually تکامل پیدا کردن - gradually /ˈɡradʒʊli/ = gently = slowly
A Gateway to Growth.
- gateway /ˈɡeɪtweɪ/ = دروازه
- a gateway to sth
They have been regarded as powerful tools for …..
- regard /rɪˈɡɑːd/ = consider
- regard as
-a powerful tool for
- create memories
- For centuries,
- the thrill of stepping out of their comfort zones
- thrill of: a feeling of extreme excitement
- step out of: leave a room or building for a short time
- comfort zone /ˈkʌmfət ˌzəʊn/
explore uncharted territories,
- uncharted territory: noun. an unfamiliar area or situation, especially one that has or seems to have no maps or guidelines
escape the monotony of daily life.
- monotony: noun /məˈnɒt.ən.i/
a situation in which something stays the same and is therefore boring/ dull/ tedious
plan a trip
plan a travel
with a few clicks
the allure or discovering far-off lands
allure /əˈl(j)ʊə/: noun
being powerfully and mysteriously attractive or fascinating.
- lure: verb : to persuade or tempt (a person or animal) to do something or to go somewhere, especially by offering them rewards.
- a far-off: a long distance away
- a far-off land
- a far-off place
- a far-off look
an expression that makes you appear to be thinking about something completely different from what is going on around you.
and embarking on exciting adventures.
- embark on sth: to start something new or important
- embark on an adventure
- embark on a journey = set off
Personal Transformation Through …….
The Personal Transformation Through Travel.
One of the most significant benefits of ….. is ……..
One of the benefits of ….. is ……..
One of the most significant benefits of travel is…
significant = notable /ˈnəʊtəbl/ = remarkable =
worthy of attention or notice
- a significant benefit
- a significant challenge
the opportunity for self-discovery and personal growth
- the opportunity for
- self-discovery
- personal growth
- help grow personally
- help grow emotionally
When you venture into an unfamiliar territory,
- venture into/on something:
/ˈvɛn(t)ʃə/
to do something, even though it involves risks.
سرمایه گذاری کنی روی - unfamiliar territory = uncharted territory
you’re forced to adapt, think on your feet, and embrace new challenges.
- think on your feet = think and react quickly.
- embrace new challenges = Look out for opportunities that seem tough on the surface, but you eventually relish the experience and come out much stronger, physically and mentally.
it builds resilience
it builds independence
it builds traits
This process often builds resilience and independence, traits that are invaluable in both personal and professional life.
- personal life
- professional life
- …. is invaluable in …. .
traits that are invaluable in both personal and professional life.
- invaluable
/ɪnˈvaljʊ(ə)b(ə)l/ : adjective
extremely useful - personal life
- professional life
- both…. and ……
For instance, navigating through a bustling market in Marrakesh.
- navigating through: to move or progress through something, in a logical sequence.
bustling: /ˈbʌslɪŋ,/
full of lively activity. e.g.: a bustling street, bustling markets, a bustling city
in Marrakesh
For instance, navigating through a bustling market in Marrakesh.
bustling: /ˈbʌslɪŋ,/ =
vibrant /ˈvʌɪbr(ə)nt/ adjective:
full of energy and life.
“a vibrant city” = a bustling city
finding your way in Tokyo’s complex subway system.
- find my way in
- subway system = underground system (british) : noun. an electric railway operating below the surface of the ground (usually in a city)
- subway: British
a tunnel under a road for use by pedestrians. - subway: North American
an underground railway.
it can sharpen problem-solving skills.
- problem-solving skills
- sharpen a skill: to become better, smarter, more skillful,
instil a sense of confidence.
instil fear.
instil fear in/into me
instil /ɪnˈstɪl/
verb
gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude) in a person’s mind.
القا کردن
It is part of a teacher’s job to instil confidence in/into his or her students
travel offers a chance to break free from routine
it offers a chance to …….
they offer a chance to …
a seasoned traveller
a seasoned campaigner for human rights.
Synonym: experienced
Opposites: green (NOT EXPERIENCED) informal: inexperienced = unseasoned
Moreover, …… offers a chance to ……….
Moreover, travel offers a chance to break free from routine/ the monotony of daily life.
- offer a chance
- break free from
Last chance to get ……
it is designed to simplify …..
it is designed to simplify your payment process.
With one click, you can ……….. without the need to ……..
With one click, you can make your due payments without the need to raise requests via the DAMAC App.
use these sentences to ask about someone’s opinions:
1- How do you feel?
2- What do you think?
use these sentences for giving opinion:
1- As far as I know ….
2- As far as I’m concerned …….
3- personally, …..
personally, I hate onions.
4.
use these sentences for agreeing:
British:
1- You have my full agreement (formal)
2- Yes, I agree!
3- I totally agree!
-4- I couldn’t agree more!
5- I see exactly what you mean!
6- I agree entirelly (formal)
7- be of the same mind: We are of the same mind when it comes to prison reform.
8- I couldn’t agree more!
9- I see exactly what you mean!
10- You’re right. That’s a good point.
use these sentences for disagreeing:
1- I hear what you’re saying, but I see it differently.
2- I totally disagree!
3- Absolutely not!
4- That’s not right!
5- I’m not sure about that.
6- I understand your point, but I have a different perspective
Partly agreeing:
1- I agree up to a point, but …
2- I see your point, but …
3- That’s partly true, but …
4- I’m not so sure about that.
I’m not sure on that
It most likely means I don’t know but it could also mean I don’t want to answer that question.
it can make … seem …
it can make daily problems seem trivial in comparison.
- daily problems
- seem trivial:
adjective /ˈtrɪv.i.əl/
having little value or importance. - A trivial problem: a problem which is easy to solve.
One of the most enriching aspects of … is …
One of the most enriching aspects of travel is …
enrich:
verb /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/
to improve the quality of something by adding something else:
Fertilizer helps to enrich the soil.
Read the definition of daredevil on the left and look at the photos in the article.
- the definition of sth
- on the left
- look at the ….:
look at the photos - daredevil n lCJ :
/ˈdeəˌdev.əl/
someone who likes doing dangerous things - in the article
Why might people like to take such risks?
- like to take (like+to+ verb)
- take risks. take a risk
- take such risks
What other activities do you think daredevils do?
- other activities
Read the article quickly.
- Read quickly.
It shows what information you are looking for.
- look for information
find the section that mentions this information.
- mention information
- this information
- Could you go back to the question?
- She wants to go back.
- Go back to the question.
go back
more than once.
Sometimes the idea or words may come up in more than one section.
- ## ideas come up. The idea comes up
It contains …
It contains the same or similar words.
Which person
started formal training at a young age?
- Which person
- at a young age
Which person has performed in films?
- Which person
- Which person has
- perform in films
- perform well/badly
- perform (verb) /pəˈfɔːm/ to do an action or piece of work: perform in the films or perform badly in the exams.
- in a film. in films
- Which person works a lot with children?
- Which person works
فعل اس سوم شخص گرفته - work with
- work a lot with
- Which person uses two names?
- Which person uses
فعل اس سوم شخص گرفته
- Which person lived a long distance from the sea?
- a long distance from
- Which person improves by watching other people?
- Improve by
- watching other people
Tip: “people” is plural of person so “persons” is incorrect. “person” needs a singular verb and “people” needs a plural verb.
- Read about three people with exciting lives.
- Which person is ….
- Which person was inspired by watching short films?
- Which person was
- inspire (verb) /ɪnˈspaɪər/: الهام بخش
- inspire by
- short films
- do sport
- do a different sport
- Which one do you think is the most …….?
- Which ones do you think are the most …….?
- the most dangerous
- the most fun to watch
- the most difficult
- the most artistic
- the most unappealing
- unappealing /ˌʌnəˈpiːlɪŋ/ adjective: not inviting or attractive.
How exciting is …?
How exciting is your job?
- How exciting is it to smell it?
- How exciting is that?
Jane was born and brought up in Manchester, England.
- was born
- bring up: بزرگ شدن
past: brought up - in Manchester
- in England
Fans of Motorcycle stunt riding know her as “Janx”.
- fan of
- motorcycle
/ˈməʊtəˌsʌɪkl/ - Motorcycle stunt riding: is a motorsport which involves stunts known as wheelies, stoppies, acrobatics, burnout, drifting, and jumping.
They probably know her better.
- probably: as far as one knows or can tell.
as far as I know
as far as I can tell
used to say what you have noticed or understood
………is one the most exciting ……..
Jane is one the most exciting stunt riders in the world.
- one the most exciting
- stunt rider
- in the world.
people say that …….
People say that she can make her motorcycle dance.
You might have seen her at the cinema too.
- at the cinema
Jane is passionate about motorsports for a long time.
- passionate about sth
- for a long time
Then, a few years later, Jane got her own motorcycle.
- Then,
- a few years later
a few برای کلمات قابل شمارش استفاده می شه یعنی تعداد خیلی کم. - my own car. her own car
She learned all the basic tricks.
- learne tricks
- the basic tricks
In such cases, ………
In such cases, the attorney will file a motion to withdraw from the case.
It is essential to note that …………….
It is essential to note that even if the client is responsible for the attorney’s withdrawal, seeking a second opinion from another competent attorney is highly recommended.
- is responsible for
- seek an opinion from
- seek a second opinion from
- is highly recommended
Take a moment to pause and reflect on the situation. Ask yourself the following questions. Then, Determine Your Next Steps.
- Take a moment to pause
- reflect on = think
- Determine Your Next Steps
Request a meeting with your attorney to discuss the reasons behind their desire to withdraw from the case.
- Request a meeting
- a meeting with
- attorney
- the reasons behind their desire
it is crucial to …..
it is crucial to appear in court and explain to the judge why you believe the attorney should not be allowed to withdraw from your case.
- appear in court
- in court
- withdraw from a case
The opportunity to immerse yourself in different cultures.
- ## immerse yourself/myself in sth
Understanding, empathy, and tolerance, all of which are essential in today’s globalized society.
- Understanding
- empathy
- tolerance
- all of which are
- essential
- in today’s society
- in today’s globalized society
Meeting people from diverse backgrounds.
- Meet people
- Meeting new people
- from diverse backgrounds.
- background
experiencing their traditions firsthand helps break down stereotypes and preconceived notions.
firsthand adverb
/ˌfɜːstˈhænd/ :
If you experience something firsthand, you experience it yourself.
- Meaning of break down in English
break down:
phrasal verb with break /breɪk/
broke | broken
cease to continue; collapse.
فروپاشی
- stereotype /ˈstɛrɪə(ʊ)tʌɪp
تصویر کلیشه ای مثال تصویر کلیشه ای از زن به عنوان مراقب کودک - preconceived notions
/ˌpriːkənˈsiːvd/ /ˈnəʊʃn/
= unconscious biases = are opinions that are formed without any proof or evidence.
parjcipating in a traditional tea ceremony in Japan.
- parjcipate in
- tea ceremony
- in Japan
Joining a locaJ festival in lndia not only enhances your knowledge but also creates a deeper connection with the world around you.
- Join a festival
- local festival
- not only … but also
- create a connection with
- a deep connection with
- a deeper connection with
- the world around you
It’s essential to approach cultural exchange with respect and an open mind.
- approach ….. with respect
- approach: /əˈprəʊtʃ/
to come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount. به چیزی نزدیک شدن - approach ….. with an open mind.
- It’s essential to ………
Learning a few basic phrases in the local language can go a long way in building trust and rapport.
- a few phrases (countable)
- basic phrases
- the local language
- go a long way in = very successful
- build trust
- build rapport
rapport /raˈpɔː/ : noun
a close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other’s feelings or ideas and communicate well.
after all, travel isn’t just about seeing new places it’s about forming meaningful connections.
- after all,
= in spite of any indications or expectations to the contrary. - see a place
- see new places
- form a connection
- form meaningful connections
… is the spice of life.
Adventure is the spice of life.
…. چاشنی زندگی است.
Adventure is the spice of life, and for many, it’s the driving force behind their wanderlust.
- and for many,…
و برای بسیاری از آدما - the driving force behind: a forceful or powerful person or thing that causes something to happen.
- wanderlust
/ˈwɒndəlʌst/ noun
a strong desire to travel.
Adventures like:
hiking the rugged trails
scuba diving in the Great Barrier Reef,
or zip-lining through the jungles of Thailand.
- hiking the rugged trails
- hiking: noun
the activity of going for long walks in the countryside: - go hiking:
We’re going hiking in the Nevada. - rugged: adjective /ˈrʌɡ.ɪd
(of ground) having a broken, rocky, and uneven surface.
ناهموار
Adventures like:
hiking the rugged trails
scuba diving
or zip-lining through the jungles of Thailand.
- scuba diving in …
- scuba diving: /ˈskuːbə dʌɪvɪŋ/
- zip-lining
با استفاده از کاهش شیب از طریق کابلی که از نقطه نسبتاً بالاتری نسبت به انتهای آن شروع می شود.
How would you define …..?
How would you define cultural identity?
identity
/ʌɪˈdɛntɪti/ noun
1. the fact of being who or what a person or thing is.
“he knows the identity of the bombers”
- Cultural identity:
Is a part of a person’s identity, or their self-conception and self-perception, and is related to nationality, ethnicity, religion
Its/their most important elements are…….
In what ways has … influenced ……..?
In what ways has globalization positively influenced Iranian culture?
globalization
/ˌɡləʊbəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/:
noun
the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
What are some negative effects of ……. on ….?
What are some negative effects of globalization on
cultural traditions?
why?
why not?
Do you think younger genarations are losing their cultural identitiy due to globalization?
- younger genarations
- genaration z
- lose identity
- lose cultural identity
- due to = because of
به علتِ
How has … affected …?
How has the dominance of English affected the use and preservation of native languages?
- dominance
/ˈdɒmɪnəns/ noun
power and influence over others.
“the worldwide dominance of Hollywood” - preservation
/ˌprɛzəˈveɪʃn/ noun
the action of preserving something. = protection
/prəˈtɛkʃn/ - preserve verb = maitain
can …. and … coexist?
can cultural traditions and globalization coexist?
can …. and … coexist, or?
Is it important to have …………?
Is it important to have a wide circle of friends?
- a wide circle of
Do you spend more free time with friends or family?
- spend free time with
- Do ….
- Compare …..
- Do the survey.
- compare your answers
What do you think is the best way to meet new people and make
new friends?
- … is the best way to …
- meet people
- meet new people
- make friends
- make new friends
How often do you …..
How often do you see your friends during the week?
- see friends
- during the week
- during the night
- during the day
Where do you usually …?
Where do you usually meet up?
Where do you and your friends usually meet up?
meet up:
phrasal verb of meet
company of someone, especially by arrangement.
Ruby called and we met up for lunch.
صفحه 6 از دوره ترم قبل
Do you belong to ……?
Do you belong to any clubs? Which ones?
- belong to sth
Look at ……
Look at the courses advertised below.
- advertise a course
advertise
/ˈadvətʌɪz/
verb
describe or draw attention to (a product, service, or event) in a public medium in order to promote sales or attendance.
- public medium:
رسانه عمومی
Which would you most/least like to do?
- Which would you most like?
- Which would you least like?
leisure
/ˈlɛʒə/ noun
1. time when one is not working or occupied; free time.
Similar: free time, spare time , spare moments
2. use of free time for enjoyment.
adjective + enough: در جملات منفی یعنی به اندازه کافی … نبود
That film wasn’t excellent enough to watch again.
Please read all about our excellent courses.
excellent:
adjective /ˈek.səl.ənt/
extremely good
formal synonyms:
splendid (adjective /ˈsplen.dɪd/)
Wonderful=terrific:
Have a wonderful trip!
informal:
brilliant.
Oh, brilliant - we’ll meet up when you’re in town.
The comedy special was just brilliant. I’ve never laughed so hard in my life.
ِِDecide which course
you’d like to try.
decide = determine = select
- Grammar: would like + to try
- Jewellery making
- Jewellery:
noun /ˈdʒuː.əl.ri/ - a jewellery box
- make a jewellery box
- make jewellery
- a piece of gold jewellery
- a piece of silver jewellery
صفحه 26 سمت چپ پاراگراف اول از دوره این ترم
The second…
- The second sentence
- The second wife
- The second world war
- The second law of ….
a similar ….
- a similar meaning
- a similar understanding
- a similar word
Don’t change …
- Don’t change the word given.
- Don’t change yourself
- Don’t change lyrics
- Don’t change
Last week I went on a ‘fun-run’ to raise money for a local charity.
= Last week took part in a ‘fun·run’ to raise money for a local chariry.
- last week
- Grammar: Last week + simple past
- local charity
- raise money: to collect money = to gather money = to get money = to put together money
- take part in sth: take part
phrase of part
join in an activity; be involved.
“we have come here to take part in a major game”
Read the article about a holiday that went wrong.
- went wrong , go wrong = go pear-shaped: informal*British
go wrong.
Read the article about a holiday that went wrong. What do you think a close shave’ means?
a close shave: informal
a narrow escape from danger or disaster.
“he had an extremely close shave with a crocodile”
Many of us,……..
- diving
/ˈdʌɪvɪŋ/
noun
1. the sport or activity of swimming or exploring under water.
غواصی
2. the sport or activity of diving into water from a diving board.
شیرجه از روی سکو
As they set off on their adventure, unaware of any danger, it seemed like another day in paradise.
- set off on an/their adventure = set out on an adventure = begin an adventure
- unaware of …. بیخبر از همه جا
- it seemed like another day in paradise
They had no idea their short dive would turn into a terrifying forty-eight-hour ordeal.
- they/I had no idea that …
هیچ فکر نمی کردم که اینجوری می شه! - turn into something:
to change or develop from one thing to another: Rain in the morning will turn into snow during the afternoon - terrifying /ˈtɛrɪfʌɪɪŋ/
adjective
: causing extreme fear. - forty-eight-hour
- ordeal /ɔːˈdiːl/ noun
1. a very unpleasant and prolonged experience.
prolonged: Adjective
1. continuing for a long time or longer than usual
= lengthy /ˈlɛŋ(k)θi,ˈlɛnθi/
They had finished their dive and they were swimming back to shore when the fast water stopped them from reaching the land.
- swim back to …. / go back
- shore /ʃɔː/ noun
the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or other large body of water. ساحل - reach land
beach holiday
I enjoy beach holidays.
on a long flight
watch a lot of films
I usually watch a lot of films on long a flight.
Would you like
to spend a year
travelling
around the world?
Would you like to spend a year travelling around the world?
My sister’s really good at karate but she’s
hopeless at tennis.
- be + good at sth
- be + hopeless at sth
I’m very keen on playing chess but I’m not that
fond of playing board games.
- be + keen on sth
- be +fond on sth
My brother’s fascinated by ancient history, so
he’s doing an evening course on it.
- be + fascinated by
- do a course on sth
I’m passionate about politics but I’m not that
interested in history in general.
- be + passionate about
- be + interested in
- in general
My dad’s mad about cars but I’m not really
into them.
- be + mad about sth
- be + into sth
difficult
see if you like it
there is nothing more to say
= tough
= check out
= full stop = that’s it = period
kept doing something although it was hard
requires a long time
organising
= stick with it
= take a lifetime = take ages
= run sth
I really love
was unable to stop doing something
= pasionate about
= addicted to = hooked on
I heard an interesting piece of information from the radio this morning.
- a piece of information
- hear … from
