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Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Devices > Table of Excipients > Flashcards

Table of Excipients Flashcards

1
Q

Used in liquid preparations to provide acidic
medium for product stability

A

Acidifying agent

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2
Q

Acidifying agent

A

Citric acid
Acetic acid
Fumaric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid

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3
Q

Used in liquid preparations to provide alkaline
medium for product stability.

A

Alkalinizing agent

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4
Q

Alkalinizing agent

A

Ammonia solution
Ammonium carbonate
Diethanolamine
Monoethanolamine
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium borate
Sodium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide
Trolamine

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5
Q

An agent capable of holding other molecules
onto its surface by physical or chemical
(chemisorption) means.

A

Adsorbent

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6
Q

Adsorbent

A

Powdered cellulose
Activated charcoal

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7
Q

Agent responsible for developing the pressure
within an aerosol container and expelling the
product when the valve is opened.

A

Aerosol propellant

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8
Q

Aerosol propellant

A

Carbon dioxide
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Trichloromonofluoromethane

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9
Q

Agent employed to displace air in a hermetically
sealed container to enhance product stability.

A

Air displacement

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10
Q

Air displacement

A

Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide

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11
Q

Used in liquid and semisolid preparations to
prevent growth of fungi. Effectiveness of
parabens is usually enhanced by use in
combination.

A

Antifungal preservative

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12
Q

Antifungal preservative

A

Butylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Benzoic acid
Propylparaben
Sodium benzoate
Sodium propionate

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13
Q

Used in liquid and semisolid preparations to
prevent growth of microorganisms.

A

Antimicrobial preservative

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14
Q

Antimicrobial preservative

A

Benzalkonium chloride
Benzethonium chloride
Benzyl alcohol
Cetylpyridinium chloride
Chlorobutanol
Phenol
Phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylmercuric nitrate
Thimerosal

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15
Q

Used to prevent deterioration of preparations
by oxidation.

A

Antioxidant

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16
Q

Antioxidant

A

Ascorbic acid
Ascorbyl palmitate
Butylated hydroxyanisole
Butylated hydroxytoluene
Hypophosphorous acid
Monothioglycerol
Propyl gallate
Sodium ascorbate
Sodium bisulfite
Sodium formaldehyde
Sulfoxylate
Sodium metabisulfite

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17
Q

Used to resist change in pH upon dilution or
addition of acid or alkali.

A

Buffering agent

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18
Q

Buffering agent

A

Potassium metaphosphate
Potassium phosphate, monobasic
Sodium acetate
Sodium citrate, anhydrous and dihydrate

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19
Q

Substance that forms stable water-soluble
complexes (chelates) with metals; used in
some liquid pharmaceuticals as stabilizers to
complex heavy metals that might promote
instability, In such use they are also called
sequestering agents.

A
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19
Q

Substance that forms stable water-soluble
complexes (chelates) with metals; used in
some liquid pharmaceuticals as stabilizers to
complex heavy metals that might promote
instability, In such use they are also called
sequestering agents.

A

Chelating agent

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20
Q

Chelating agent

A

Edetic acid
Edetate disodium

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21
Q

Used to impart color to liquid and solid (e.g.,
tablets and capsules) preparations,

A

Colorant

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22
Q

Colorant

A

FD&C Red No. 3
FD&C Red No. 20
FD&C Yellow No. 6
FD&C Blue No. 2
D&C Green No. 5
D&C Orange No. 5
D&C Red No. 8
Caramel
Ferric oxide, red

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23
Q

Used as a filtering aid for its adsorbent qualities.

A

Clarifying agent

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24
Q

Clarifying agent

A

Bentonite

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25
Q

Used to promote and maintain dispersion of
finely subdivided particles of liquid in a vehicle
in which it is immiscible. End product may be
a liquid emulsion or semisolid emulsion (e.g.
a cream).

A

Emulsifying agent

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26
Q

Emulsifying agent

A

Acacia
Cetomacrogol
Cetyl alcohol
Glyceryl monostearate
Sorbitan monooleate
Polyoxyethylene50 stearate

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27
Q

Used to form thin shells to enclose a drug for
ease of administration.

A

Encapsulating agent

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28
Q

Encapsulating agent

A

Gelatin
Cellulose acetate phthalate

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29
Q

Used to impart a pleasant flavor and often odor
to a preparation. In addition to the natural
flavorants listed, many synthetic ones are used.

A

Flavorant

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30
Q

Flavorant

A

Anise oil
Cinnamon oil
Cocoa
Menthol
Orange oil
Peppermint oil
Vanillin

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31
Q

Used to prevent drying of preparations,
particularly ointments and creams.

A

Humectant

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32
Q

Humectant

A

Glycerin
Propylene glycl
Sorbitol

33
Q

Liquid used as an intervening agent to reduce
the particle size of a powder by grinding,
usually in a mórtar.

A

Levigating agent

34
Q

Levigating agent

A

Mineral oil
Glycerin
Propylene glycol

35
Q

Semisolid vehicle for medicated ointments.

A

Ointment base

36
Q

Ointment base

A

Lanolin
Hydrophilic ointment
Polyethylene glycol ointment
Petrolatum
Hydrophilic petrolatum
White ointment
Yellow ointment
Rose water ointment

37
Q

Component of film-coating solutions to make
film more pliable, enhance spread of coat over tablets, beads, and granules.

A

Plasticizer

38
Q

Plasticizer

A

Diethyl phthalate
Glycerin

39
Q

Used to dissolve another substance in
preparation of a solution; may be aqueous
or not (e.g., oleaginous). Cosolvents, such as
water and alcohol (hydroalcoholic) and water
and glycerin, may be used when needed.
Sterile solvents are used in certain preparations (e.g., injection)

A

Solvent

40
Q

Solvent

A

Alcohol
Corn oil
Cottonseed oil
Glycerin
Isopropyl alcohol
Mineral oil
Oleic acid
Peanut oil
Purified water
Water for injection
Sterile water for injection
Sterile water for irrigation

41
Q

Used to increase thickness or hardness of a
preparation, usually an ointment

A

Stiffening agent

42
Q

Stiffening agent

A

Cetyl alcohol
Cetyl esters wax
Microcrystalline wax
Paraffin
Stearyl alcohol
White wax
Yellow wax

43
Q

Vehicle for suppositories

A

Suppository base

44
Q

Vehicle for suppositories.

A

Cocoa butter
Polyethylene glycols (mixtures)

45
Q

Substances that absorb to surfaces or interfaces
to reduce surface or interfacial tension. May
be used as wetting agents, detergents, or
emulsifying agents.

A

Surfactant (surface active agent)

46
Q

Surfactant (surface active agent)

A

Benzalkonium chloride
Nonoxynol 10
Octoxynol 9
Polysorbate80
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Sorbitan monopalmitate

47
Q

Viscosity-increasing agent used to reduce
sedimentation rate of particles in a vehicle
in which they are not soluble; suspension may
be formulated for oral, parenteral, ophthalmicy
topical, or other route.

A

Suspending agent

48
Q

Suspending agent

A

Agar
Bentonite
Carbomer (e.g., Carbopal)
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium
Hydroxyethyl cellulose
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Hydroxypropylmethyicellulose
Kaolin
Methylcellulose
Tragacanth
Veegum

49
Q

Used to impart sweetness to a preparation.

A

Sweetening agent

50
Q

Sweetening agent

A

Aspartame
Dextrose
Glycerin
Mannitol
Saccharin sodium
Sorbitol
Sucrose

51
Q

Prevent tablet ingredients from sticking to
punches and dies during production.

A

Tablet antiadherents

52
Q

Tablet antiadherents

A

Magnesium stearate
Talc

53
Q

Substances used to cause adhesion of powder
particles in tablet granulations

A

Tablet binders

54
Q

Tablet binders

A

Acacia
Alginic acid
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium
Compressible sugar (e.g., Nu-Tab)
Ethylcellulose
Gelatin
Liquid glucose
Methylcellulose
Povidone
Pregelatinized starch

55
Q

Inert filler to create desired bulk, flow
properties, and compression characteristics
of tablets and capsules.

A

Tablet and capsule diluent

56
Q

Tablet and capsule diluent

A

Dibasic calcium phosphate
Kaolin.
Lactose
Mannitol
Microcrystalline cellulose
Powdered cellulose
Precipitated calcium carbonate
Sorbitol
Starch

57
Q

Used to coat a tablet to protect against
decomposition by atmospheric oxygen or
humidity/ to provide a desired release pattern,
to mask taste or odor, or for aesthetic
purposes. Coating may be sugar, film, or
enteric. Sugar coating is water-based; forms a
thick covering around a tablet. Sugar-coated
tablets generally start to break up in the
stomach. Film forms a thin cover around a
formed tablet or bead. Unless it is enteric,
film dissolves in the stomach. Enteric coating
passes through the stomach to break up in
the intestines. Some water-insoluble coatings
(e.g., ethylcellulose) are used to slow the
release of drug in the gastrointestinal tract.

A

Tablet coating agent

58
Q

Sugar coating

A

Liquid glucose
Sucrose

59
Q

Film coating

A

Hydroxyethyl cellulose
Hydroxypropyl cellulose
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
Methylcellulose (e.g., Methocel)
Ethylcellulose (e.g., Ethocel)

60
Q

Enteric coating

A

Cellulose acetate phthalatr
Shellac (35% in alcohol,
pharmaceutical glaze)

61
Q

Used in direct compression tablet formulations.

A

Tablet direct compression excipient

62
Q

Tablet direct compression excipient

A

Dibasic calcium phosphate
(e.g., Ditab)

63
Q

Used in solid forms to promote disruption of
the mass into smaller particles more readily
dispersed or dissolved.

A

Tablet disintegrant

64
Q

Tablet disintegrant

A

Alginic acid
Carboxymethylcellulose calcium
Microcrystalline cellulose (e.g., Avicel)
Polacrilin potassium (e.g., Amberlite)
Sodium alginate
Sodium starch glycolate
Starch

65
Q

Used in tablet and capsule formulations to
improve flow properties of the powder
mixture.

A

Tablet glidant

66
Q

Tablet glidant

A

Colloidal silica
Cornstarch
Tale

67
Q

Used in tablet formulations to reduce friction
during tablet compression.

A

Tablet lubricant

68
Q

Tablet lubricant

A

Calcium stearate
Magnesium stearate
Mineral oil
Stearic acid
Zinc stearate

69
Q

Used to render a coating opaque. May be used
alone or with a colorant.

A

Tablet or capsule opaquant

70
Q

Tablet or capsule opaquant

A

Titanium dioxide

71
Q

Used to impart an attractive sheen to coated
tablets.

A

Tablet polishing agent

72
Q

Tablet polishing agent

A

Carnauba wax
White wax

73
Q

Used to render solution similar in osmotic
dextrose characteristics to physiologic fluids,
e.g., in ophthalmic, parenteral, and irrigation
fluids.

A

Tonicity agent

74
Q

Carrying agent used in formulating a variety of
liquids for oral and parenteral administration.
Generally, oral liquids are aqueous (e.g.,
syrups) or hydroalcoholic (e.g., elixirs).
Solutions for intravenous use are aqueous,
whereas intramuscular injections may be
aqueous or oleaginous

A

Vehicle

75
Q

Flavored, sweetened

A

Acacia syrup
Aromatic syrup
Aromatic elixir
Cherry syrup
Cocoa syrup
Orange syrup
Syrup

76
Q

Oleaginous

A

Corn oil
Mineral oil
Peanut oil
Sesame oil

77
Q

Sterile

A

Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injection
Bacteriostatic water for injection

78
Q

Used to render preparations more resistant to
flow. Used in suspensions to deter.
sedimentation, in ophthalmic solutions to
enhance contact time (e.g., methylcellulose),
to thicken topical creams, etc.

A

Viscosity-increasing agent

79
Q

Viscosity-increasing agent

A

Alginic acid
Bentonite
Carbomer
Carboxymethy|cellulose
Sodium
Methylcellulose
Povidone
Sodium alginate
Tragacanth

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Devices (6 decks)

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