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Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Devices > Post Lab Activity 5-7 > Flashcards

Post Lab Activity 5-7 Flashcards

1
Q

Alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solutions of volatile substances

A

Spirits

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2
Q

Other name for Spirits

A

(Essences)

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3
Q

Another name for Spirits

A

(Essences)

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4
Q

Obtained from a plant or drug and contains its characteristics and properties in concentrated form

A

Volatile Oil

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5
Q

Volatile oils usually have greater solubility in _________ than in _________

A

alcohol; water

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6
Q

Spirits Uses

A
  • Flavoring agents
  • Medicinal Agents
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7
Q

sourced from the therapeutic value of the aromatic solute

A

Medicinal Agents

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8
Q

provides a convenient and ready means of obtaining the volatile oil in the proper quantity

A

Flavoring agents

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9
Q

Methods of Preparation Spirits

A

Simple Solution
Solution with Maceration
Chemical Reaction
Distillation

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10
Q

(dissolving the solute in alcohol with agitation and filtering to obtain a clear product)

A

Simple Solution

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11
Q

Camphor Spirit Uses

A

local irritant
treatment of cold sores, fever blisters
Anti-pruritic
carminative and anti-diarrheal

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12
Q

Camphor Spirit, camphor percentage

A

10%

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13
Q

Camphor Spirit dose as a carminative and anti-diarrheal

A

1ml

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14
Q

Cardamom Spirit Ingredients

A
  • Cardamom Oil
  • Orange Oil
  • Cinnamon oil
  • Clove Oil
  • Anethole
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15
Q

Cardamom Spirit Use:

A

Flavoring agent

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16
Q

(macerating the vegetable materials in a suitable solvent to remove any undesired constituent or to extract one which is desired)

A

Solution with Maceration

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17
Q

means steeping or soaking, sufficiently submerging to extract phytochemicals

A

Maceration

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18
Q

(mixing and reacting two or more chemical substances in order to produce the final chemical product)

A

Chemical Reaction

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19
Q

Hydroalcoholic solution of ammonia and ammonium carbonate flavored with volatile oils

A

Aromatic Ammonia Spirit

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20
Q

Aromatic Ammonia Spirit Oils

A

Lemon oil,
Myristica oil
Lavender oil

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21
Q

Ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3)= __________ in alcohol

A

insoluble

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22
Q

Ammonium carbamate (NH2COONH4)= __________ in alcohol

A

soluble

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23
Q

Aromatic Ammonia Spirit Alcohol percentage

A

62-68%

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24
Q

process of extracting chemical compounds or flavors from plant material in a solvent such as water, oil or alcohol, by allowing the material to remain suspended in the solvent over time

A

Infusion

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25
Q

with slight warming during the extraction process, provided that the temperature, most used temperatures are between 35 ° and 40 ° C.

A

Digestion

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26
Q

is a method of extraction by boiling herbal or plant material to dissolve the chemicals of the material

A

Decoction

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27
Q

the process by which water moves downward through the sample under gravitational forces.

A

Percolation

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28
Q

Sucks up moisture

A

efflorescence

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29
Q

Upon standing, the compound takes up moisture, and the _________ portion releases ammonia leaving a white powdery residue of _________ on the surface of the compound

A

carbamate; ammonium bicarbonate

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30
Q

which is required to be about _________ by weight, of ammonia.

A

1.9%

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31
Q

Aromatic Ammonia Spirit stands for

A

12 hours.

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32
Q

Aromatic Ammonia Spirit use

A

Inhalation for fainting

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33
Q

Aromatic Ammonia Spirit Unofficial dose

A

2ml

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34
Q

Grapes scientific name

A

Vitis vinifera, Vitaceae

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35
Q

(evaporating and subsequent collection of a liquid by condensation as a means acquiring the volatile component of a plant material).

A

Distillation

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36
Q

Prepared by distillation of the fermented juice of ripe grapes which contains about 50% of alcohol

A

Brandy

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37
Q

Prepared by the distillation of the fermented mash of wholly or partly malted cereal grain

A

Whiskey

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38
Q

Similar to brandy, have 35% to 60% alcohol content

A

Cognac

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39
Q

Similar to whiskey, have 51% alcohol content

A

Bourbon

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40
Q

1 proof is equal to ________% alcohol

A

1/2

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41
Q

It is made up of marley

A

Scotch

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42
Q

Malt is a component of

A

whiskey & milo

43
Q

List of neutral grains

A

wheat
barley
corn

44
Q

Makes high quality Gin

A

Juniper berries

45
Q

Gin is made up of ________

A

neutral grains

46
Q

Gin + Carbonated water + Lime

A

Tonic

47
Q

Made up of neutral grains, rye, but mostly potatoes and have 95 to 40% alcohol content

A

Vodka

48
Q

Mades from molasses, with 40% alcohol content

A

Rum

49
Q

Rum example

A

Bacardi

50
Q

Used for margaritas and comes from agave, having 40% of alcohol content

A

Tequila

51
Q

Sudden fainting/blacking out

A

Syncope

52
Q

Spirit made from wormwood

A

Absinthe

53
Q

Wormwood scientific name

A

Artemisia absinthium, Asteraceae

54
Q

A hallucinogen derived from absinthe

A

Thujone

55
Q

Precautions in Preparing Spirits

A

Mixing with water or aqueous substances
Mixing with salt solutions
Filtration

56
Q

Mixing with water or aqueous substances

A

results in a milky preparation due to separation of the volatile substances in solution.

57
Q

Mixing with salt solutions

A

salts have less solubility in alcohol than in water hence precipitation occur due to high alcoholic and low water content

58
Q

Alcoholic solution containing 10% peppermint oil and the green pigment, chlorophyll

A

Peppermint Spirt

59
Q

Differences between spirits and aromatic waters

A

Spirits have higher volatile oil content than aromatic waters

60
Q

Used not for its oil content, but rather for the purpose of
imparting a pleasant green color to the product.

A

Peppermint Leaves

61
Q

the drug is first macerated with water to remove the _____________.

A

water-soluble brown pigments

62
Q

Peppermint Spirit Uses

A

Digestive aid
Carminative in flatulence and nausea
Flavoring agent

63
Q

Peppermint Spirit for Carminative in flatulence and nausea: dose

A

1ml is mixed with water

64
Q

Compound Orange Spirit contains approximately ________ of combined oils in alcohol

A

27.5 percent

65
Q

Compound Orange Spirit Oils

A

✓Orange
✓Coriander
✓Lemon
✓Anise

66
Q

Compound Orange Spirit Use:

A

Flavoring agent particularly in elixirs

67
Q

Clear, sweetened hydro-alcoholic liquids for internal use and oral use.

A

Elixirs

68
Q

is used for elixirs with high alcoholic content

A

Saccharin

69
Q

Elixirs containing _______ alcohol are self-preserving.

A

10-12%

70
Q

Sweeting agents of elixirs

A

glycerin,
sorbitol,
propylene glycol,
sucrose,
saccharin

71
Q

Elixirs Disadvantages:

A
  1. High Alcoholic content that causes toxicity
  2. Counteracts the effect of other medicines
  3. Difficult to mask taste
72
Q

Preparation of Elixirs

A

Simple solution with agitation
Admixture of two or more liquid ingredients

73
Q

Elixirs storage

A

air tight, light resistant containers

74
Q

Types of Elixirs

A

Flavored/ Non- medicated
Medicated

75
Q

Flavored/ Non- medicated examples

A

Aromatic Elixir,
Compound Benzaldehyde Elixir,
Iso-alcoholic Elixir

76
Q

Antihistamine elixirs example

A

Diphenhydramine- 5.6% alcohol

77
Q

maintaining daytime sedation, treating convulsive states, and least useful in acting as hypnotics

A

Phenobarbital (14% Alcohol)

78
Q

short term daytime sedation, effective in
treating insomnia

A

Amobarbital

79
Q

Short Acting Barbiturate

A

Pentobarbital,
Secobarbital

80
Q

induce anesthesia

A

Thiopental

81
Q

Large doses Barbiturate Sedative and Hypnotic Elixirs

A

Residual sedation
May lead to dependence

82
Q

Butabarbital sodium

A

7% Alcohol

83
Q

Antiarrhythmic Agent, Cardiac glycoside

A

Digoxin elixir

84
Q

Digoxin elixir Isolated from

A

Digitalis lanata, Plantaginaceae

85
Q

Adrenocortical steroid elixir Used for:

A

✓Rheumatoid arthritis
✓Skin Diseases
✓Allergies
✓Inflammatory Conditions

86
Q

5%, synthetic analogue of hydrocortisone

A

Dexamethasone

87
Q

Reduction of pain and lowering of fever useful for pediatrics and is alcohol free

A

Analgesic and Antipyretic elixir

88
Q

Anticholinergic elixir example

A

Hyoscyamine sulfate (20% alcohol)

89
Q

Management of psychotic disorders

A

Antipsychotic elixir

90
Q

Antipsychotic elixir example

A

Fluphenazine

91
Q

used for gingivitis, halitosis, dental caries, stomatitis or to reduce plaque.

A

Mouthwashes

92
Q

severe chronic bad breath

A

(halitosis)

93
Q

Aqueous and hydroalcoholic solution which is used to treat or prevent throat infection.

A

Gargles

94
Q

aqueous solutions often in concentrated form containing one or more active ingredients and excipients. The liquid is swished in the oral cavity.

A

Mouthwash

95
Q

Solutions or dispensions of one or more active ingredient intended for application to the mucosa of the throat or mouth.

A

Throat Paint

96
Q

Mouthwash Potassium bicarbonate

A

reacting agent and buffering
agent

97
Q

Mouthwash Sodium borate

A

alkalinizing agent

98
Q

Mouthwash Thymol

A

active ingredient

99
Q

Mouthwash Eucalyptol

A

active ingredient

100
Q

Mouthwash Methyl salicylate

A

active ingredient

101
Q

Mouthwash Green food color/ Ammaranth

A

colorant

102
Q

Mouthwash Ethanol

A

co- solvent, preservative

103
Q

Mouthwash Glycerin/ Glycerol-

A

solvent, preservative, artificial sweetener

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Devices (6 decks)

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