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ECR Spring 2013 > Table 8-2 Dyspnea > Flashcards

Table 8-2 Dyspnea Flashcards

1
Q

Problems (9)

A
  1. Left sided heart Faiure (left ventricular failture/mitral stenosis)
  2. Chronic Bronchitis*
  3. COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  4. Asthma
  5. Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease
    - sarcoidosis,
    - widespread neoplasms
    - asbetsosis
    - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  6. Pneumonia
  7. Spontaneous Pneumothorax
  8. Acute Pulmonary Embolism
  9. Anxity with Hypertension
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2
Q

Process of Left-sided heart failure

A

Elevated pressure in pulmonary capillary bed with trasudation of fluid into interstitial spaces and avleoli

Decreased compliance (increased stffness) of lungs

Increased work of breathing

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3
Q

is compliance increased or decreased in Left sded heart failture (left ventricular failture/mitral stenosis)

A

decreased

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4
Q

Timing of Left sided heart failture

A

Dyspnea may progress SLOWLY

OR suddenly as in ACUTE pulonary edema

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5
Q

Factors that aggravate left sided heart failure

A

Exertion

Lying down

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6
Q

Factors taht relieve Left sided heart falture

A

Rest

Sitting up

Though dyspnea may become persistent

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7
Q

Ass symptoms of Left heart failure

A

Cough
Orthopnea
Paroxysal nocturnal dyspnea
sometimes wheezing

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8
Q

setting of left sided heart failure

A

Hx of heart disease or its predisposing factors

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9
Q

Process of crhonic bronchitis

A

Excessive mucus production in bronchi

Followed by chronic obstruction of airway

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10
Q

Timing of bronchitis

A

Chronic productive cough followed by

SLOWLY progressive dyspnea

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11
Q

Aggravating factors Bronchitis

A

Exertion
Inhaled irritinats
Respiratory infections

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12
Q

Factors that relieve Bronchitis

A

Exectroation
Rest
Though dyspnea may become persistent

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13
Q

Ass syptoms of Bronchitis

A

Chronic Productive Cough
Recurrent respiratory infections
Wheezing may develop

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14
Q

Setting of Bronchitis

A

Hx of smoking
air pollutants
recurrent respiratory infections

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15
Q

Process of COPD

A
  1. Overdistension of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles
  2. With destruction of alveolar septa and 3. chronic obstructino of airways
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16
Q

What is the timing of COPD

A

Slowly progressive DYSPNEA

Relatively mild cough later

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17
Q

Factors that aggravate COPD

A

Exertion

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18
Q

Factors that relieve COPD

A

Rest

Though dyspnea may become persistent

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19
Q

Associated symptoms of COPD

A

Cough with Scant Mucoid Sputum

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20
Q

COPD setting

A

Hx of smoking
air pollutants
sometimes a familial deficiency in alpha1-antitrypsin

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21
Q

Process of Asthma

A

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness involving release of inflammatory mediators

Increased airway secretion

Bronchoconstriction

22
Q

Timing of Asthma

A

Acute episodes
separated by symptom-free periods

Nocturnal episodes common

23
Q

Factors That Aggravate Asthma

A

Variable, including alelrgens, irritants, respiratory infections, eercise, emtion

24
Q

Factors that Relieve Asthma

A

Separation fro Aggravating factos

25
Q

Ass symptoms with Asthma

A

Wheezing
Coughing
Tightness in chest

26
Q

Setting of Asthma

A

Environmental and Emotional Conditions

27
Q

Types of Diffuse Interstitial Lung Diseases

A

Environmental and EmSarcoidosis
Widespread neoplasms
Asbestosis
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

28
Q

Process of Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease

A

Abnormal and widespread infiltration of cells, fluid, and collagen into interstitial spaces between alveoli

Many cuases

29
Q

Timing of DILD

A

Progressive Dyspnea

Which varies in its rate of development with the cause

30
Q

Factors that aggravate DILD

A

Exertion

31
Q

Factors that relive DILD

A

Rest, though dyspnea may beocome persistant

32
Q

Ass. symptoms with DILD

A

Often weakness, fatigue.

Cough less common than in other lung diseases

33
Q

Setting of DILD

A

Varied

Exposure to one of many substances may be causative

34
Q

Process of Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of lung parenchyma from the respiratory bronchioles to the alveoli

35
Q

Timing of Pneumonia

A

An acute ilness, timing varies with causative agent

36
Q

Ass. symptoms of Pneumonia

A

Pleuritic pain
Cough
Sputum
fever, though not necessarily present

37
Q

Process of spontaneous Pneumothorax

A

Leakage of air into pleural space through blebs on visceral pleura,

with resulting partial or complete collaspe of lung

38
Q

Timing Spontaneous Pneumothorax

A

Suddne onset of dyspnea

39
Q

Ass. symptoms of Spontaneous Pneumothorax

A

Pleuritic pain, cough

40
Q

Setting of pneumothroax

A

Often a previously helathy young adult

41
Q

Process of acute Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

A

Sudden occlusion of all or part of pulmonary arterial tree by a blood clot htat usually originates in deep veins of legs or pelvis

42
Q

where does PE occur

A

Blood clot that orgiiantes in DEEP VEINS of legs or pelvis

43
Q

Timing of PE

A

Sudden onset of dyspnea

44
Q

What are associated symtpoms

A

Often none.

Retrosternal oppressive pain if the occlusion is massive

Pleuritic pain, cough, and hemoptysismay follow an embolism if pulmonary infarction ensues.

Symptoms of anxiety

45
Q

Setting of PE

A

Postpartum or postoperative periods;
Prolonged bed rest

CHF,
chronic lung disease
fractures of hip or leg
DVT (often not clincially apparent)

46
Q

Process of Anxiety with Hyerpventilation

A

Overbreathing, with resultant respiratory alkalosis and fall in partial pressure of CO2 in the blood

47
Q

Timing of Anxiety/hypervent

A

Episodic, often recurretn

48
Q

Factors that aggravate anxiety/hypervent

A

More often occurs at REST than after exerceise

An upsetting event may not be evident

49
Q

Facotors that relieve anxiety/hypervent

A

Breathign in and out of a paper or plastic bag sometimes helps the associated symptoms

50
Q

Ass. symptoms of anxiety/hypervent

A

Sighing
Lightheadedness
numbess or tingling of the hadns/feet, palpiations, chest pain

51
Q

Setting of axiety/hypervent

A

Other manifestions of anxiety may be present

ECR Spring 2013 (5 decks)

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