Table 11-5 Black and Bloody Stools Flashcards
What are the different types of Problems with Black and Bloody Stools
- Melena
- Black, nonsticky stools
- Red Blood in stools
- Reddish but nonbloody stools
What is melena
passage of black, tarry (sticky and shiny stools)
Tests for occult blood are positive
How much blood lost in GI tract for Melena? and from wht part of GI?
at least 60 mL of blood into GI tract (less in infants and children)
usually from esophagus, stomach, or duodenm
Less commmon, when intestinal transit is slow, blood may originate in the jejunum, ileum ,or ascending colon.
When does Melena occur in infants
Melena may result from swallowing blood uring birth process in infants
What are some causes of melena (3)
- Peptic ulcer
- Gastritis or stress ulcers
3, Esophagea or gastric varices
4.. Reflux Esophagitis
Mallory-Weiss tear (a mucosal tear in teh esophagus due to retchign and vomiting)
What are associated sympstoms with Peptic Ulcer
Often, but not necessarily, Hx of epigastric pain
What are ass sympstoms with gastritis or stress ulcers
Recent ingestion of alcohol, aspirin, or other anti-infalmmatory drugs
Recent body trauma, secere burns, surgery, or increased intracranial pressure
Ass symptoms with Esophageal or gastric varices
Cirrhosis of the liver or other cause of portal hypertesnion Histry of Heratburn
What is a Mallory-Wiss tear
mucosal tear in teh esopagus due to retching and vomiting
Describe the problem Black, Nonstickly Stools? Are they pathologically significant?
My result from other causes, then give negative results when tested for occult blood
Ingestion of iron or other substances, however, may cause a positive test result in the absnece of blood.
These stools have NO PATHOLOGIC SIGNFICANCE
Selected causes of Black, Nonsticky Stools
Ingestion of iron, bismuth salts as it Pepto-Bismol, licorice, or evencommercial chocolate cookies
What is the problem of Red Blood int eh Stools? Where does it usually originate?
usually originates in teh colon, rectum, or anus, and much less frequently in teh jejunum or ileum
Upper GI hemorrhage may also cause red stools
The amt of blood lost is then usually large (more than a liter)
Rapid transit time thorugh teh intestinal tract leaves insufficient time fo the blood to turn black1
What are selected causes of red blood in stools
Cancer of colon
Benighn polyps of the colon
Diverticula of the colon
Inflammatory conditions fo the colon and rectum
Ischemisc colitis
Hemmoroids
Anal fissure
What are diffent typesof inalmamtory condiions of the colon and rectum
Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease
Infectious dirarrhea
Proctitis (various causs) from frequent anal intercoruse
What are ass symptoms with Ischemic colitis
Lower ab pain, sometimes fever or shock in older adults
Abdomine typically SOFT TO PALPATION
