T9 Ch 16 & 17 Flashcards
Which of the following statements is true concerning epilepsy?
a. Seizure activities are estimated to affect approximately 10% of the population.
b. The most common generalized seizures are psychomotor and temporal lobe
c. Epileptic seizures can be recorded on electrocardiogram.
d. The majority of epileptic patients have idiopathic epilepsy.
d. The majority of epileptic patients have idiopathic epilepsy.
The following statements are true of absence seizures except one. Which one is the exception?
a. A drug of choice for treatment is ethosuximide.
b. No aura precedes the seizure.
c. No loss of body tone occurs.
d. To avoid trauma, tongue blades should not be used in the oral cavity.
e. Seizures last a few seconds.
d. To avoid trauma, tongue blades should not be used in the oral cavity.
Seizures characterized by a duration of longer than 30 minutes are called:
a. Tonic-clonic seizures
b. Status epilepticus
c. Grand mal seizures
d. Complex seizures
e. Jacksonian seizures
b. Status epilepticus
Which of the following statement is true regarding adverse reactions to anticonvulsant agents?
a. These medications have a broad therapeutic index.
b. Metabolism of the anticonvulsants can saturate liver microsomal enzymes.
c. Central nervous system (CNS) depression will antagonize that of other sedative agents
b. Metabolism of the anticonvulsants can saturate liver microsomal enzymes.
Which anticonvulsant agent is commonly prescribed for trigeminal neuralgia?
a. Gabapentin
b. Carbamazepine
c. Valproic acid
d. Lamotrigine
b. Carbamazepine
Gingival enlargement may occur in what percentage of chronic users of phenytoin?
a. None of the answers are correct
b. 90%
c. 10%
d. 30%
e. 50%
e. 50%
Gingival enlargement as a consequence of phenytoin therapy most commonly affects the __________ facial gingiva.
a. Mandibular anterior
b. Mandibular posterior
c. Maxillary anterior
d. Maxillary posterior
c. Maxillary anterior
A patient experiencing tonic-clonic seizures should be managed by:
a. Placing a tongue blade or a pencil between the patient’s teeth
b. Tilting the patient’s head to one side to prevent aspiration
c. Having the patient place his or her head between the knees
d. Lowering the patient’s head in the dental chair until it is even with the heart
b. Tilting the patient’s head to one side to prevent aspiration
True OR False
The better the patient’s oral hygiene is, the less likely that lesions associated with use of phenytoin will occur.
True
Which of the following psychiatric disorders involves a loss of the perception of reality?
a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
b. Bipolar affective disorder
c. Schizophrenia
d. Panic disorder
c. Schizophrenia
The following symptoms are “negative” (passive) symptoms of psychoses except for one. Which one is the exception?
a. Thought and speech impaired
b. Social withdrawal
c. Vocalization of feelings of superhuman strength
d. Flat affect
e. Abstract thinking difficult
c. Vocalization of feelings of superhuman strength
As a group, the atypical antipsychotics produce __________ nausea and __________ anticholinergic and sedative effects compared with conventional antipsychotics.
a. Increased, fewer
b. Decreased; fewer
c. Decreased; more
d. Increased, more
a. Increased, fewer
Conventional antipsychotics are primarily __________ antagonists.
a. Dopamine
b. Norepinephrine
c. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)
d. Acetylcholine
a. Dopamine
Patients taking conventional antipsychotics can experience severe intermittent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. This pain is a consequence of:
a. Dislocation of the mandible
b. Extrapyramidal side effects
c. Hyperalgesia produced by alpha-adrenergic blockade
d. Anticholinergic side effects
b. Extrapyramidal side effects
Which of the following are anticholinergic effects that may be associated with tricyclic antidepressants?
a. Bradycardia
b. Xerostomia
c. Urination
b. Xerostomia
Which of the following side effects is the most serious peripheral side effect associated with the use of tricyclic antidepressants?
a. Cardiac toxicity
b. Urination
c. Bradycardia
d. Orthostatic hypotension
a. Cardiac toxicity
Which of the following types of dental medicaments must be administered with caution to patients taking tricyclic antidepressants?
a. Anesthetics
b. Analgesics
c. Antibiotics
d. Fluoride
a. Anesthetics
Which of the following medications is used to treat bipolar depression?
a. Lithium
b. paroxetine
c. Clozapine
d. Haloperidol
a. Lithium
Which of the following categories of medications has recently been approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder?
a. Atypical antipsychotics
b. SSRIs
c. High-potency conventional antipsychotics
d. MAOIs
a. Atypical antipsychotics
True OR False
Atypical antipsychotics have fewer side effects than conventional antipsychotics.
True
True OR False
Force should be exerted to open the patient’s mouth if muscle spasm is present as a result of tardive dyskinesia.
False
True OR False
SSRIs tend to produce CNS stimulation rather than CNS depression.
True
True OR False
Schizophrenia refers to a split personality.
False
Neuroses:
a. are difficult to treat with drugs
b. include drug dependence
c. include bipolar disorder
d. are more severe than psychoses
b. include drug dependence
ECT (shock therapy) is used in treating
a. panic disorder
b. anxiety
c. depression
d. schizophrenia
c. depression
The following symptoms are all negative symptoms of psychoses:
a. unemotional, lack of goals, socially withdrawn
b. distorted speech, flat affect, hearing voices
c. hallucinations, disorganized behavior, unwanted thoughts
d. apathetic, delusional, agitated
a. unemotional, lack of goals, socially withdrawn
True OR False
The majority of epileptic patients have hereditary epilepsy.
False
A complex partial attack means
a. the patient is conscious
b. the patient has seizures very rarely
c. the patient is unconscious
d. the seizure lasts for less than 2 minutes
c. the patient is unconscious
Management of the dental patient taking anticonvulsant agents would include 1) remove dental instruments from mouth 2) put cotton rolls inside mouth to prevent patient biting cheek 3) do a thorough health history 4) don’t prescribe NSAID’s 5) prescribe a CNS depressant to help them relax
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4
b. 1, 3, and 4
c. 2, 3, and 4
d. 1, 2, 4, and 5
b. 1, 3 and 4
Children who are epileptic might be taking what drug?
a. benzodiazepine
b. valproate
c. phenobarbital
d. carbamazepine
d. carbamazepine
Which drug, in addition to treating epilepsy, also can be used to treat mania and is used as a migraine prophylaxis?
a. Valproic acid
b. carbamazepine
c. phenytoin
d. Ethosuximide
a. Valproic acid
