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Applied Pharmacology for the Dental Hygienist > T3 Ch 5 & 6 > Flashcards

T3 Ch 5 & 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Pain:

a. Brings people to the dental office
b. Keeps people from the dental office
c. Can be effectively treated with inactive pills (placebos)
d. All of the choices are correct

A

d. All of the choices are correct

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2
Q

Which of the following lowers the pain threshold?

a. Emotional instability
b. Sympathy
c. Sleep
d. Diversion

A

a. Emotional instability

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3
Q

The action of nonopioid analgesics is related to their ability to inhibit:

a. The CNS
b. Prostaglandin synthesis
c. Release of epinephrine
d. Release of acetylcholine

A

b. Prostaglandin synthesis

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4
Q

Which of the following choices has anti inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and antiplatelet action?

a. Acetaminophen
b. Codeine
c. Aspirin
d. Hydrocodone

A

c. Aspirin

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5
Q

The ability of aspirin to reduce fever results from its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the:

a. Medulla
b. Hypothalamus
c. Pons
d. Cerebellum

A

b. Hypothalamus

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6
Q

Which of the following effects is the most common side effect from aspirin?

a. Gastrointestinal effects
b. Bleeding
c. Hepatic and renal effects
d. Hypersensitivity

A

a. Gastrointestinal effects

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7
Q

Aspirin can be used most safely in patients who:

a. Have arthritis
b. Have gout
c. Have ulcers
d. Are pregnant

A

a. Have arthritis

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8
Q

Which of the following choices is the best to use in pediatric patients for both its analgesic and antipyretic action?

a. Aspirin
b. Acetaminophen
c. NSAIDs
d. Codeine

A

b. Acetaminophen

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9
Q

All of the following are characteristics of aspirin toxicity (salicylism) except:

a. dimness of vision
b. hyperthermia
c. electrolyte imbalance
d. hepatic necrosis
e. tinnitus

A

d. hepatic necrosis

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10
Q 
What is the usual adult dosage of aspirin for the treatment of pain or fever?
250 mg every 4 hours 
a. 3 to 6 g per day 
b. 650 mg every 4 hours 
c. 800 mg every 4 hours 
d. 160 mg per day
A

b. 650 mg every 4 hours

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11
Q

Which of the following is true concerning NSAIDs?

a. Many authors agree that the NSAIDs are the most useful drug group for the treatment of dental pain.
b. Unlike aspirin, NSAIDs do not inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX).
c. Most NSAIDs reach a peak blood level in approximately 20 minutes.
d. NSAIDs do not have a significant antiinflammatory effect.

A

a. Many authors agree that the NSAIDs are the most useful drug group for the treatment of dental pain.

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12
Q

Which of the following NSAIDs is the drug of choice for treating a nursing woman?

a. Naproxen
b. Diflunisal
c. Ibuprofen
d. Fenoprofen

A

c. Ibuprofen

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13
Q

Which of the following statements is true of COX II?

a. It is a widely distributed constitutive enzyme.
b. It is responsible for the adverse reactions of the NSAIDs.
c. It is synthesized only when inflammation occurs.
d. It is not an enzyme.

A

c. It is synthesized only when inflammation occurs.

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14
Q

Acetaminophen does not possess any of these clinically significant __________ effects: (1) antipyretic, (2) antiinflammatory, (3) analgesic

a. 1, 2, 3
b. 1 and 2
c. 1 and 3
d. 1
e. 2

A

e. 2

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15
Q

An acute overdose with acetaminophen may damage the:

a. Eyes
b. Liver
c. Spleen
d. Kidney

A

b. Liver

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16
Q

Which of the following agents is intended to treat an acute attack of gout?

a. Probenecid
b. Codeine
c. Colchicine
d. Acetaminophen
e. Both Colchicine and Probenecid

A

c. Colchicine

17
Q

True OR False

Salicylates’ mechanism of action involves inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

A

True

18
Q

True or False

Aspirin should not be given to children until they are 18 years of age.

A

True

19
Q

A patient with a true allergy to codeine should not be given:

a. Propoxyphene
b. Pentazocine
c. Oxycodone
d. Buprenorphine

A

c. Oxycodone

20
Q

Oral bioavailability of opioids is primarily limited by:

a. Incomplete absorption
b. First-pass metabolism
c. Side effects of nausea and vomiting
d. Enterohepatic circulation
e. Rapid renal excretion

A

b. First-pass metabolism

21
Q

What do aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and codeine have in common?

a. They are all antiinflammatory.
b. They are all analgesic.
c. They all inhibit platelet aggregation.
d. They are all antipyretic.

A

b. They are all analgesic.

22
Q

Which opioid is commonly used as an antitussive?

a. Propoxyphene
b. Dextromethorphan
c. Diphenoxylate
d. Pentazocine

A

b. Dextromethorphan

23
Q

A patient presents with itching and urticaria after codeine administration. This response most likely represents a:

a. Pharmacologic action of codeine
b. Hypersensitivity reaction to codeine
c. Placebo effect from receiving codeine
d. Reaction unrelated to codeine administration

A

b. Hypersensitivity reaction to codeine

24
Q

Which is an advantage of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) over the opioids?

a. They are not addictive.
b. They are antitussive.
c. They are all useful if the patient is pregnant.
d. They cause less fluid retention (edema).

A

a. They are not addictive.

25
Q

Which is the major symptom of opioid overdose?

a. Miosis
b. Respiratory depression
c. Urticaria
d. Mydriasis

A

b. Respiratory depression

26
Q

Which of the following drugs can be used to treat heroin addiction?

a. Hydromorphone
b. Methadone
c. Naltrexone
d. Both Hydromorphone and Naltrexone
e. Both Methadone and Naltrexone

A

e. Both Methadone and Naltrexone

27
Q

Which of the following products is the most commonly used opioid in dentistry?

a. Hydrocodone
b. Morphine
c. Codeine
d. Propoxyphene

A

c. Codeine

28
Q

Which of the following agents is the only mixed opioid available for oral use?

a. Dezocine
b. Nalbuphine
c. Pentazocine
d. Butorphanol

A

c. Pentazocine

29
Q

Which of the following choices is the drug of choice to treat a patient who has taken an overdose of an opioid?

a. 2-pralidoxime
b. Naloxone
c. N-acetylcysteine
d. Activated charcoal
e. Methadone

A

b. Naloxone

30
Q

Tramadol has been shown

a. To have high analgesic efficacy
b. To inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
c. To causes mydriasis.
d. To be highly addictive

A

b. To inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.

31
Q

True OR False

Combining an opioid with a nonopioid analgesic produces an additive analgesic effect with fewer adverse reactions.

A

True

32
Q

True OR False

A patient who feels nauseated after taking codeine is allergic to it.

A

False

33
Q

True OR False

Opioids are not indicated for the treatment of chronic pain, such as temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders.

A

True

Applied Pharmacology for the Dental Hygienist (14 decks)

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