T2 Ch 3 Flashcards
A genetically related abnormal drug response is called a/an:
a. drug allergy
b. idiosyncratic reaction
c. side effect
d. toxic reaction
b. idiosyncratic reaction
A drug effect that is neither predictable nor dose related is called a:
a. therapeutic effect
b. toxic reaction
c. side effect
d. drug allergy
d. drug allergy
A dose-related reaction that produces undesirable effects caused by the action on nontarget organs is called:
a. side effect
b. therapeutic effect
c. toxic reaction
d. drug allergy
a. side effect
Which of these categories of drugs would be absolutely contraindicated in a pregnant woman?
a. B
b. C
c. A
d. X
d. X
The greatest risk to the fetus from exposure to drugs occurs:
a. Before pregnancy status is known
b. During the third trimester
c. During the second trimester
d. Just before birth
a. Before pregnancy status is known
An acute, life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by hypotension, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and cardiac arrhythmias is what type of hypersensitivity?
a. Type II
b. Type IV
c. Type III
d. Type I
d. Type I
Which hypersensitivity reaction is termed delayed-type hypersensitivity and is mediated by sensitized T-lymphocytes and macrophages?
a. Type II
b. Type IV
c. Type I
d. Type III
b. Type IV
Type __________ hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies.
a. Type II
b. Type III
c. Type I
d. Type IV
c. Type I
A dose of a drug that kills 50% of experimental animals is termed:
a. Minimally effective dose
b. ED50
c. Therapeutic index
d. LD50
d. LD50
In an assessment of drug action for a certain therapeutic agent, results indicate that the ED50 is 3 mg/kg, and the LD50 is 300 mg/kg. What is the therapeutic index for this agent? a. 100 b. 3 c. 300 d 0.01
a. 100
True OR False
Drug allergy and a side effect are two examples of dose-related responses.
False
True OR False
Tetracycline, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the benzodiazepines are safe to administer to a pregnant patient.
False
True OR False
The greater the therapeutic index is, the greater the toxicity will be.
False
The anatomy of what system contains long preganglionic nerves and short postganglionic nerves?
a. sensory afferent
b. somatic
c. parasympathetic autonomic
d. sympathetic autonomic
c. parasympathetic autonomic
The neurotransmitter released from a preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic division of the ANS is:
a. epinephrine
b. acetylcholine
c. dopamine
d. norepinephrine
b. acetylcholine
Which of the following substances will block the action of acetylcholine at the postganglionic endings in the PANS?
a. atropine
b. hexamethonium
c. acetic acid
d. curare
a. atropine
When the SANS is stimulated, the adrenal __________ into the systemic circulation.
a. medulla releases primarily epinephrine
b. medulla releases primarily acetylcholine
c. cortex releases primarily acetylcholine
d. cortex releases primarily epinephrine
a. medulla releases primarily epinephrine
Which of the following choices is true concerning the pharmacologic effects associated with cholinergic agents?
a. miosis
b. an increase in intraocular pressure
c. tachycardia and an increase in blood pressure and cardiac output
d. stasis of intestinal motility
a. miosis
The acronym SLUD denotes adverse reactions associated with administration of __________ agents.
a. adrenergic
b. anticholinergic
c. antiadrenergic
d. cholinergic
d. cholinergic
The S in SLUD stands for:
a. Salivation
b. Severe
c. Sympathetic
d. Secretion
a. Salivation
The dental professional should be familiar with autonomic nervous system (ANS) drugs for all of the following reasons except one. Which one is the exception?
a. Some ANS drugs produce oral adverse effects such as xerostomia.
b. Vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetic agents are ANS agents.
c. ANS drugs are used to treat oral infections.
d. Drugs used to increase salivary flow are ANS drugs.
e. Members of other drugs have similar effects to ANS drugs.
c. ANS drugs are used to treat oral infections.
The primary objective of drug therapy in the treatment of glaucoma is:
a. Inhibition of cholinesterase
b. Increasing the convexity of the lens
c. Dilation of the pupil
d. Reducing intraocular pressure
e. Dilation of the vessels of the eye
d. Reducing intraocular pressure
Which drug would be best to treat xerostomia?
a. Pseudoephedrine
b. Pilocarpine
c. Propranolol
d. Atropine
b. Pilocarpine
Which of the following adrenergic drugs is used to treat asthma?
a. Amphetamine
b. Clonidine
c. Albuterol
d. Isoproterenol
c. Albuterol
Anitcholinergics:
a. Decrease esophageal and gastric motility
b. Accelerate gastric emptying
c. Do not have an effect on heart rate
d. Cause miosis
a. Decrease esophageal and gastric motility
A drug with anticholinergic side effects might exhibit all of the following except:
a. Mydriasis
b. Constipation
c. Salivation
d. Tachycardia
c. Salivation
Stimulation of alpha-receptors results in:
a. Increase in heart rate and force of contraction
b. Smooth-muscle excitation or contraction
c. Smooth muscle relaxation
d. Bronchoconstriction
b. Smooth-muscle excitation or contraction
Which sympathomimetic agent is commonly used in dentistry?
a. Ephedrine
b. Levonordefrin
c. Dipivefrin
d. Terbutaline
b. Levonordefrin
True OR False
The fight or flight response refers to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system in response to stress.
False
True OR False
Salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation refer to toxic effects seen with adrenergic agents.
False
