T10 Ch 18 & 19 Flashcards
Histamine is a(n):
a. None of the answers are correct
b. Amino acid
c. Eicosanoid
d. Biogenic amine
e. Peptide
d. Biogenic amine
When an allergic reaction occurs, __________ degranulate and histamine is released.
a. Eosinophils
b. Monocytes
c. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
d. Macrophages
e. Mast cells
e. Mast cells
Which of the following symptoms is not a pharmacologic effect of histamine?
a. Pain at cutaneous nerve endings
b. Bronchoconstriction
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Gastric acid secretion
c. Vasoconstriction
The predominant feature of anaphylaxis is:
a. Decreased blood pressure
b. Bronchoconstriction
c. Vasodilation
d. Convulsions
e. Lapses into unconsciousness
b. Bronchoconstriction
The drug of choice for anaphylactic shock is a. parenteral epinephrine b loratidine c. prostaglandin d. dramamine
a. parenteral epinephrine
Older H1 antihistamines find utility in dentistry for the following effects except for one. Which one is the exception?
a. Antiemetic effects
b. Anticholinergic effects
c. Sedative effects
d. Local anesthetic effects
b. Anticholinergic effects
Which one of the following antihistamines is suggested as an alternative agent to provide local anesthesia when a patient has exhibited allergies to the normally used anesthetic agents?
a. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
b. Loratadine (Claritin)
c. Desloratadine (Clarinex)
d. Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
a. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Which of the following H1 antihistamines is nonsedating?
a. Chlorpheniramine
b. Cyproheptadine
c. Cetirizine
d. Diphenhydramine
e. Hydroxyzine
c. Cetirizine
A leukotriene antagonist would be used to treat:
a. Fever
b. Delayed parturition
c. Closing of patent ductus arteriosus in the newborn
d. Asthma and other forms of bronchoconstriction
e. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced ulcers
d. Asthma and other forms of bronchoconstriction
Which of the following is true regarding PGs and periodontal disease?
a. PGs decrease capillary permeability.
b. PGs are thought to be mediators of the inflammatory response in oral soft tissues.
c. Several autocoids, such as PGs, leukotrienes (LTs), and cytokines have been involved in arresting periodontal disease.
d. PGs stimulate the synthesis of new bone by initiating osteoblastic activity.
b. PGs are thought to be mediators of the inflammatory response in oral soft tissues.
Which autocoid is known to stimulate secretion from salivary glands?
a. Substance P
b. Pilocarpine
c. PGE
d. Histamine
e. Bradykinin
a. Substance P
True OR False
Some of the antihistamines have an antiemetic action and are used to prevent and treat motion sickness.
True
Adrenocorticosteroids are released from the:
a. Pituitary gland
b. Hypothalamus
c. Adrenal cortex
d. Kidney
e. Adrenal medulla
c. Adrenal cortex
Without stress, the normal adult secretes approximately __________ of hydrocortisone daily.
a. 5 mg
b. 10 mg
c. 20 mg
d. 40 micro-g
e. 40 mg
c. 20 mg
When does the maximal secretion of hydrocortisone (cortisol) occur in the body?
a. Between 4 AM and 8 AM
b. Between 7 AM and 10 AM
c. Between 12 PM and 2 PM
d. Between 9 AM and 12 AM
a. Between 4 AM and 8 AM
Which of the following choices is a disease or condition produced by an excess of adrenocorticosteroids?
a. Parkinson disease
b. Cushing syndrome
c. Addison disease
d. Graves disease
b. Cushing syndrome
Glucocorticoids cause an increase in the circulating levels of which of the following white blood cells?
a. Basophils
b. T lymphocytes
c. Neutrophils
d. Monocytes
e. B lymphocytes
c. Neutrophils
The following are signs of Cushing syndrome except for one. Which one is the exception?
a. Moon face
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Fat deposit on back of neck
d. Muscle wasting
b. Hypoglycemia
The most extensive use of the corticosteroids in both medicine and dentistry is in:
a. Replacement therapy for corticosteroid deficiency
b. Cancer chemotherapy
c. To prevent organ transplant rejection
d. Inflammatory and allergic conditions
e. Osteoporosis
d. Inflammatory and allergic conditions
True OR False
Levels of endogenous corticosteroids can increase tenfold in response to an especially stressful stimulus.
True
True OR False
Corticosteroids increase resistance to infection.
False
Which of Samara’s medications is the probable cause of her hypertension at the beginning of her appointment?
a. Methotrexate
b. Ibuprofen
c. Calcium supplement
d. Prednisone
d. Prednisone
Which of the following tissue responses would you expect at the completion of periodontal debridement for Samara? (steroids, long term)
a. Normal healing response
b. Delayed healing response
c. Accelerated healing response
b. Delayed healing response
Which of the following is the probable cause of Samara’s drop in blood pressure, stomach pain, and loss of consciousness? (steroids, long term)
a. Psychogenic shock
b. Hypertensive crisis
c. Adrenal crisis
c. Adrenal crisis
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Samara’s periodontal condition, given that she has good oral hygiene?
a. Hereditary components
b. Systemic effect of lupus
c. Steroid use
c. Steroid use
