T8: Infectious Disease Flashcards
HIV transmission
blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk
HIV 3 stages
o Primary infection
o Clinical latency-Incubation period
o Final Stage-Symptomatic disease (AIDS)
HIV 3 stages: Primary infection
(within about 1 month of contracting virus)
HIV 3 stages: Clinical latency-Incubation period
when the body shows no symptoms
HIV 3 stages: Final Stage-Symptomatic disease (AIDS)
AIDS
what increases survival time of persons with HIV/AIDS
highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
When is HIV considered AIDS?
CD4 <200
For HIV, Hepatitis and STDs, focus on…
DISEASE PREVENTION
prevention can take the form of…
vaccine administration, early detection, or teaching clients about abstinence or safer sex
Hepatitis A virus transmission
o Fecal-oral route; sources from water, food, or sexual contact; often silent in children.
Hepatitis B virus transmission
o Blood and body fluids; can survive at room temperature for at least 1 week.
Hepatitis C virus transmission
o Blood or body fluids
TB screening tests
o Skin testing with purified protein derivative (PPD)
o Followed by chest radiography for persons with a positive skin reaction and pulmonary symptoms
Direct Observational Therapy (DOT)
o The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB has prompted the use of DOT in the United States and other countries to ensure adherence with drug treatment regimens
communicable disease chain
- Infectious agent
- Reservoirs
- Portal of exit
- Means of transmission
- Portal of re-entry
- Susceptible host
infectious agent
a. Microbes - all types
b. Pathogenicity,
c. Invasiveness,
d. virulence,
e. Infective dose
f. Resistance
reserviors
a. Humans
b. Animals
c. Plants/soil
portal of exit
a. Respiratory
b. Integumentary
c. Blood
d. GI,
e. Sexual
means of transmission
a. Direct
b. Indirect
portal of re-entry
a. Same as exit, usually
susceptible host
a. Defense mechanisms
b. Immunity
i. Natural
ii. Artificial
